Items · Journal of Marine Technology and Environment

REVIEWING STUDIES ON PORT SECURITY: WHAT HAS BEEN DONE?

Nurduhan MUAMMER; Kuleyin BARIŞ

4/1/2018

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This paper aims to analyze and evaluate studies on port security, which is an increasing concern, and summarize them to put them in order. It was obviously seen with the 9/11 terrorist attacks that terrorists also have suicide capabilities to maritime targets. Consequently, International Ship and Port Security (ISPS) Code came into force by International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2004. In this paper, port security, as one of the main subjects of ISPS Code with the ship security, is analyzed. Therefore, Dokuz Eylul University Online Library is searched with some constraints which includes “port+security” in title and all articles should have “full text” and “academic journals” status. Searching was completed with 145 articles and 58 of them were analyzed. Articles were categorized under such four different subtitles as “importance of security”, “economic, financial and legal dimensions of security”, “security threatening elements”, and “technological advances in security”. It can be said that studies on port security mainly focused on the ISPS Code. However, the great majority of the studies have been addressed to port security and the ISPS Code in the same manner. In order to ensure port security, it is necessary to concentrate on those studies that will centre on different aspects of port security.

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A POINT OF VIEW ON PREREQUISITES IN THERMODYNAMICS FOR FUTURE MARINE ENGINEERS

Elena GOGU

4/1/2018

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

A career on board the ships as engineers is an interesting option for young people graduating high schools in Constanta county and not only. Thermodynamics plays a vital role in the academic life of future marine engineers. This is why physics professors and Thermodynamic lecturers from “Gheorghe Duca” Technological High School and Constanta Maritime University decided to test the level of retention of perquisites in Thermodynamics, with focus on internal combustion engines (ICE). A group of 30students from “Gheorghe Duca” Technological High School have been tested in order to quantify the gained knowledge on ICE. They have been selected from the last year of study, they being interested in maritime jobs. The testing was based on a questionnaire containing theoretical and calculus aspects. The time of solving was established at 50 minutes. The results showed that our future graduates (and potential future maritime professionals) proved a good knowledge retention. Also the analysis of the questionnaire results is able to provide to the CMU lecturer a profile of its potential students. In the same time, he can improve his activities during classes, in order to achieve the right level of knowledge requirement.

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SUDIES CONCERNING FLORA FROM DIFFERENT PROTECTED AREAS IN CONSTANTA COUNTY BY APPLYING ECOLOGICAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS

Simona GHIȚĂ; Mihaela HNATIUC

4/1/2018

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This study presents our results concerning the geographical distribution, ecological and anthropic impact aspects of the wild flora from three protected areas (Fantanița Murfatlar, Gura Dobrogei and Hagieni forest). All three nature reserves studied belong to the Natura 2000 European network protection. From this point of view we watched the current state and future premises on the maintenance of vulnerable species / endangered in the natural habitats. The study is based on monitoring for 3 years (January 2015-December 2017), in which we identified: main plant families, distribution of species in geoelements and analysis of ecological categories (moisture factors, temperature and soil reaction). For a better tracking of the similarities between species in three distinct areas, we used the statistical method of processing data. The results showing important similarities between the three types of protected areas with respect to the balance of positive and negative effects using Pearce coefficient and respectively with respect to structure and function of natural biota.

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SUPPRESSING CHAOS IN POPULATION DYNAMICS DISCRETE MODELS BY ADDING PERIODIC PULSES TO THE SYSTEM VARIABLES

Deleanu DUMITRU

4/1/2018

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The inability to predict the evolution of population dynamics in the presence of chaos can lead to catastrophic situations so chaos-control techniques must be applied to direct the system towards a predictable behaviour. This can be done either by controlling chaos, so the system’s final state is an unstable periodic orbit embedded in the strange attractor of the original system, or by suppressing chaos and producing a controlled regular state of an auxiliary system. A simple and efficient algorithm that suppress chaos by adding constant and periodic pulses to the dynamic system variables has been proposed by Guemez and Mathias. The pulses are introduced into the system either in multiplicative or additive ways. The performance of the method depends critically on the period and the strength of the feedback. With the aim of proving the merits of the method and providing multiple numerical evidences concerning the ability of the approach to change the chaotic state into a periodic one, in the paper we analysed a discrete-time two species food chain model having a rich spectrum of dynamical behaviours including chaos. Because the system parameters were chosen so the system behaves chaotic but close enough to a period-6 window in the bifurcation diagram, we concentrated mainly in stabilizing orbits having periods multiple of six. However, other cases were also considered. The influence of feedback strengths on the stabilization process was highlighted by computing and drawing colour maps presenting the period of the stabilized orbits. They show that even small interventions on system variables can direct the system to the desired goal.

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ANALYSIS OF RIVER LEVEL AND OF THE VOLUME FLOW ON THE DANUBE CLOSE TO THE CITY OF TULCEA, BASED ON IN SITU MEASUREMENTS

Alexandru BANESCU; Lucian Puiu GEORGESCU; Catalina ITICESCU; Eugen RUSU

4/1/2018

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This work presents a review of hydrological data known as water levels and volume flows that have been recorded and then processed to render a contour about the hydrological situation of the Danube River near Tulcea. Onsite measurements have generated daily data on river flows and levels over a 3-year period (2003, 2004, 2006), their interpretation being important for knowing the water drainage regime. Moreover, the characteristic values can have a practical interest in some river design works, such as hydrotechnical flood defense constructions that may occur as a result of elevated levels above a certain threshold or may be beneficial during works or exploitation of river bed resources. In order to accurately present the importance of knowing the river level variation, it is necessary to process, verify and interpret all data on the levels and flows, establish links and graphical correlations, and determine the characteristic values over the multiannual period. The results obtained from the measurements are described in the four periods of the year, and the conclusion shows that each period is manifested both in climatic and hydrological terms by specific characteristics and phenomena.

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EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF MARPOL SULFUR EMISSIONS CONTROL REGULATIONS ON EUROPEAN SHORT SEA SHIPPING

Aneta VARBANOVA

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Short sea shipping industry of the European Union is a vital part of the European transportation networks. The present article analyses the recent trends in the development of European short sea shipping (SSS) and the economic impact of Annex VI of Marpol Convention regarding regulations on sulphur emission control. The IMO and the EU regulations related to sulphur emissions control have been studied in detail to outline the main issues concerning the feasibility of regulations compliance. The results from the empirical data analyses have shown that European SSS shipowners and operators have several alternatives in order to abide by these regulations. Compliance with regulations leads to higher operating costs that impede the competitiveness and further development of the industry.

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DESIGNING THE SCREW-NUT ASSEMBLY ON A COMPUTER-AIDED RATCHET PRESS

Mihaela TUROF

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

By introducing the Mathcad software in design of machine is made interactive and easier data processing. In application created can be modified easily input data to obtain more rapid project results. The main source of AutoCAD is the ability to develop specialized applications running in the same graphical environment. The market for software developers under AutoCAD environment is immense. Basically, any care theme involves designing and finding somewhere more or less elaborate. This paper proposes the design of the screw-nut assembly to a ratchet press with Mathcad and AutoCAD software.

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ONE APPROACH FOR INTEGRATION AND VISUALIZATION OF MARINE AND AIR TRAFFIC DATA IN COMMON GIS

Miroslav TSVETKOV

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This paper represents a study on the possibilities for integration marine and air traffic data into a common geographic information system (GIS) display in the interest of better monitoring and management of transborder transport corridors. The maritime automatic identification system (AIS) technology, the automated reporting system for aviation transport (Automatic dependent surveillance – Broadcast, ADS-B) technology and the corresponded data transmition protocols are presented and analysed.

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ONE WAY TO PROTECT THE INFORMATION OF THE SHIP'S SENSORY NETWORK FROM EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE AND CYBER ATTACKS

Miroslav TSVETKOV

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This paper represents a study for information security of ship’s navigational sensory network and possibilities for protection of the data streams on it. The current state and future evolution of basic protocols and standards for communication between marine electronic devices are described. It is found, that the data on the ship's sensory network is not protected from cyber-attacks and external interference. An approach is proposed for securing the ship's sensory network using micro-crypto devices for encryption of the navigational data between different sensors, indicators and systems. Every micro-crypto device is consisting of programmable microcontroller, which uses symmetric-key algorithms for encryption/decryption of the data with 128 bits key size. In addition, every micro-crypto device has a unique identification number (ID) and they are programmed to communicate with exactly defined sensors, indicators or systems in the network. The proposed solution falls under the domain of technical information protection measures. The implementation and the use of the proposed cybersecurity solution and increasing of the level of protection of marine navigation information will significantly enhance the safety of navigation and, respectively, the safety of human life at sea.

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USING A NAVIGATION SIMULATOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COLREGS ECOURSE

Sivkov YORDAN

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Acquisition of skills to apply the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) is one of the basic abilities of students from the Navigation specialty. Further training is a global requirement as well as self-improvement of students worldwide. Training institutions have no opportunity to do so; moreover, the creation of new centers would require a large financial resource, which necessitates flexible approaches to the training while taking into consideration the current situation. The build-up of electronic resources in the environment of the global network for a complementary or further training with assessment of performance is entirely in the spirit of modern standards for providing relevant training. Application of navigation simulators is a new approach to creating training content for the electronic courses. It has a gradual transition between university education and the need for additional COLREG training. One of the main advantages of using simulations is the different angles in which a given situation is presented and the possibilities for re-pass. The comparison of what is visually observed from the bridge and the radar screen with a "bird eye-view" gives learners additional skills to read real situations in their practice.

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AN EVALUATION OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX BASELINE FOR PASSENGER VESSELS OF BANGLADESH

Sohanur RAHMAN

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) was introduced since 2013 for new ships as a measure to improve energy efficiency of sea going ships. This factor already has created a great influence on global maritime industry. However, any requirement related to the energy efficiency of inland vessels does not exist. This paper attempts to evaluate EEDI for inland passenger vessels of Bangladesh. According to the results of this analysis, which has been based on 90 existing inland passenger vessels, EEDI that was introduced for seagoing ships cannot be applied for proper evaluation of inland passenger vessels due to limitation of carrying capacity and installed main engine power. So, the main objective of this paper is to provide EEDI reference line for inland passenger vessels of Bangladesh.

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HOW TO APPROCH THE OTTO CYCLE THEORY DURING THE UNDERGRADUATE THERMODYNAMICS COURSE IN CMU

Feiza MEMET

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The approach presented in this paper refers to the study of the effect of specific heat of working fluid and heat loss on the performance of an Otto cycle, using finite time thermodynamics- as a powerful thermodynamic tool in the hand of specialists. Traditionally, Otto cycle performance issue was presented to the students in the case of constant specific heat, available only if it is assumed that the working fluid behaves as a perfect gas, meaning for relatively small temperature differences. Since in the practice are met large temperature differences, should be considered the case of variable specific heat, in this paper the adiabatic exponent being taken as a liniar function of temperature. For the both situations discussed in the paper are given formula for the calculation of the total energy of the fuel, the heat added to the working fluid, the heat leakage, the compression and expansion efficiencies, the work output and the thermal efficiency. The calculus is based on the cycle shown in temperature- entropy diagram, in which are also indicated the irreversible adiabatic compression and expansion.

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INCREASING THE FRETTING AND FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF Ti-6Al-4V THROUGH PLASMA PROCESSING IN NONAUTONOMOUS PLASMA GLOW

Momchil MANOV

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Titanium alloys possess unique combination of good mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance which make them an attractive material for application in marine engineering. Along with these properties there are some disadvantages. The most important of them is the low hardness and poor tribological properties, which leads to poor fretting and fatigue resistance. These drawbacks limit the application of titanium alloys in production of machine parts, which are subjected to friction and surface contact loads. They can be successfully eliminated using numerous of surface treatment methods. One of the most commonly used is plasma treatment processes in nonautonomous plasma glow. These methods usually include plasma thermochemical treatment and afterwards plasma spraying of large variety of materials to the surface of the treated sample, which will eliminate the drawbacks of the titanium alloys and will increase the area of their application in marine engineering. This article presents investigation of the results obtained from plasma nitriding and plasma spraying of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V in nonautonomous plasma glow using TiO2 powder. The quality assessment and morphology of the plasma sprayed layer is made using micro structural analysis, EDS analysis, XRD analysis, SEM analysis and microhardness measurements.

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ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF SHIPS BY APPLICATION OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS

Elena KATELIEVA; Hristo A. MILUSHEV

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The purpose of this paper is to show opportunities for improvement of ship energy efficiency and reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions through the implementation of an alternative fuels and energy sources. Biofuel and LNG as a fuel in shipping have great potential for the future. The use of alternative fuels in maritime transport is not only a good solution for environmental protection but also provides low fuel consumption and reduction of operational costs. Biofuels contain no sulphur and reduce carbon emissions. LNG is high-energy fuel with lower carbon content. These energy sources are suitable alternative and an environmentally friendly solution for replacing fossil fuels in the transport sector. Please use first-name for correspondence.

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REPAIRING WORN-OUT RUDDER BEARING HUB AND PROPELLER BY MEANS OF BUILT UP WELDING

Hristo HRISTOV

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The proposed article describes the process of repairing worn-out rudder bearing hub by means of built up welding by the electrode subfusion welding method, as well as, the repair of propeller blades by semi-automatic MIG welding. The technological sequence of the recovery process is described, the used consumables are listed, as well as the technological modes of welding. The main steps of the process are illustrated.

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REPAIRING PISTON STEEL HEAD IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION SHIP ENGINE MITSUBISHI 60 LS BY MEANS OF FLUX-CORED ARC BUILT UP WELDING

Hristo HRISTOV

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The proposed article describes the process of reparing piston steel head in internal combustion ship engine MITSUBISHI 60 LS by means of flux-cored arc built up welding. The technological sequence, of the recovery process, is completely described, the used consumables are listed, as well as the technological modes of welding. The main steps of the process are illustrated.

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AN ANALYSIS OF UNDERUTILISATION OF INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT IN NIGERIA

Henry Kelechi ONYEMA; Uchenna Martin EMENYONU; Kingsley Olufemi AHMODU; Godfrey EMEGHARA

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

This research analyzes the effects of underutilization of inland waterway transport on Nigerian economy. It also scrutinized critically, the challenges negating the utilization of the inland waterway transport and its relative impacts on the Nigerian economy. Primary data were obtained from staff of Nigeria Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA) and Nigeria Port Authority (NPA). Data received, from 60 respondents identified constraining variables were subjected to Principal Component Analysis using the Principal component and orthogonal varimax rotation. The student t-test was used to test the statistical significance of the hypotheses, and they were all found to be not statistically significant, thus the null hypothesis were rejected. From our findings, the 15-item variables optimally weighted and summed based on the Kaiser criterion of eigenvalue cut-off of 1.0, there were 6 components that explained a cumulative variance of 91.917%, leaving 8.083% to other variables not included in the analysis. In conclusion, a well-developed and integrated inland waterway transport is a vital tonic for the economic development of Nigeria. With a better managed inland waterways, Nigeria can develop a regional trade within the West African subregion as the River Niger cut across Nigeria, Benin, Mali, and Guinea and emptied into the Atlantic Ocean. She can also boost her tourism potentials, through waterway recreational activities. This will definitely contribute to the Nigerian GDP and has the capacity to support the economy in the wake of dwindling oil prices.

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STOCHASTIC APPROACH TO OPTIMIZE THE SETTING OF RADIOLOCATION STATIONS AT REPAIR

Evgeni GUGLEV; Yuriy DACHEV

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The structure of stochastic approximation methods is appropriate for realization in linear and non-linear stationary processes. Their application in optimization of pulses from radiolocation stations (RLS) is determined by the actual conditions of uncertainty (presence of noise and incomplete information about output data). Stochastic models of optimization are usually more adequate to real conditions with their choice of solution than determinate formulations of the extreme tasks. It applies to the optimization of impulse parameters that have static mode of operation of the electronic stage i.e., the circuit function is an algebraic equation. There is a simple and reliable algorithm enough to link the circuit function to the setting area of the existing element. Taking into account the nature of the respective real phenomena it is found that the most convenient method is the stochastic approximation. Practically, the degree of influence of the individual elements on the parameter of the set pulse, as well as the order of variation of the radio elements (R* and C*) is determined, which facilitates the practical realization of the algorithms at repair.

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GREEN ENERGY PROPULSION

Catalin FAITAR; Novac IORDAN

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Emissions from the shipping sector must be curbed in order to reduce air pollution and climate change impacts. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) has stipulated mandatory technical and operation measures, which require more efficient maritime energy use and, simultaneously, less emissions. These regulations came into force in 2013. The industry itself has set targets to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20% by 2020 and 50% by 2050. Ship operators, therefore, need to consider cleaner fuel and power options, including the use of renewables, to meet these targets. Furthermore, rising bunker fuel prices, amid a globally volatile market, provide another compelling reason to scale up modern shipping solutions based on renewable sources and technologies.

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BEST PRACTICES FOR ESTIMATING EXTERNAL TRANSPORT COSTS

Catalin FAITAR; Novac IORDAN

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Transport activities give rise to environmental impacts, accidents, congestion, and infrastructure wear and tear. In contrast to the benefits, the costs of these effects of transport are not fully borne by transport users. Without policy intervention, the so called external costs are not taken into account by transport users when they make travel decisions. Transport users are thus faced with incorrect incentives, leading to welfare losses.The next study gives a perspective to what it could be done

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DIGITАL АUDIO BROАDCАSTING FOR POSITION LOCАTION АT SЕА

Georgi DIMITROV

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Position locаtion rеfеrs to thе functionаlity аnd еvеnts thаt еstimаtе thе locаtion of а point of intеrеst. Dеvеlopmеnt of wirеlеss communicаtion tеchnology аnd widе usе of wirеlеss nеtworks hаvе mаdе locаtion-аwаrе аpplicаtions possiblе аnd nеcеssаry. Objеct positioning locаtion is аn еssеntiаl еlеmеnt in mаny аpplicаtions such аs nаvigаtion, trаcking, еmеrgеncy sеrvicе, locаtion bаsеd sеrvicеs аnd sеcurity. Position locаtion involvеs thе coordinаtеs of а tеrminаl thаt mаy bе in two or thrее dimеnsions аnd contаins informаtion such аs thе lаtitudе аnd longitudе. Thе position locаtion should idеаlly bе аvаilаblе еvеrywhеrе. Kееping trаck of objеcts cаn аssist whilе improving sаfеty аnd providing control еfficiеntly. This pаpеr is аn ovеrview thаt concеrns a method of utilizаtion of digitаl аudio rаdiobroаdcаting tеchnology for locаlizаtion purposеs whilе аt sеа. Thе dеscribеd mеthod rеlаtеs gеnеrаlly to position dеtеrminаtion аnd pаrticulаrly to position dеtеrminаtion using digitаl аudio broаdcаsting signаls (DАB). In-bаnd Onchаnnеl (IBOC) digitаl аudio broаdcаsting dеlivеrs bеsidеs еnhаncеd fidеlity аnd improvеd rеcеption, somе dаtа sеrvicеs. Thеsе digital sеrvicеs could bе utilizеd for position locаtion whеrе thеrе’s еnough covеrаgе not fаr from shorе.

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AWARENESS OF THE RISK PRESENTED BY THE RADON GAS AMONG PEOPLE IN CONSTANTA COUNTY (ROMANIA)

Dănuț ARGINTARU; Eliodor CONSTANTINESCU; Valerica BABAN

10/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

During the period November 2015 - May 2016, a radon awareness survey was conducted to measure awareness and knowledge about some characteristics and health hazards of radon among residents in Constanta County, Romania. Questionnaire data consisted of knowledge and risk perception about radon. A total number of 445 participants responded to the questionnaires. The survey found that only 41% respondents had heard of radon. This study shows the necessity to inform the population about the health risk posed by radon, the necessity of monitoring and mitigation methods of it.

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SAFE MOORING USING IMPROVED SHORE TENSION SYSTEM - ECONOMY OF ENERGY AND COSTS

Mihail – Vlad VASILESCU

4/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The main focus of this article is the development and use safe, easy mooring system, with reduction of costs and energy. The operation of mooring a ship at port is extremely important and dangerous. It is very important to use a safe system for mooring, not to put people life’s in danger or even the ship. By using an improved system like Shore Tension we can reduce the costs of mooring for charters and owners, save people energy, save time. Quality of the lines used for mooring is very important, because with a damage one or a mooring line of poor quality, can appear accidents or even casualties. Improved Shore Tension System can be in future, the new system of mooring: safe, clean and easy.

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DETERMINATION OF RELIABILITY FEATURES USING BAYES’ THEOREM

Mihaela TUROF

4/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

Bayes' theorem is one of the fundamental theorems of probability, which determines the probability of events and objects belonging to a certain group. Reliability is considered in some sense a probability. To determine some characteristics of reliability, it is possible to use Bayes formula. Bayes' theorem can be used to review the likelihood of a specific event that already happened, it can be repeated again. Some examples of application of Bayes' theorem in the technical field are presented in this paper, attempting to explain why this theorem is called the inverse probability law: we can use condiţional probability to make a prediction in reverse and to improve our prediction of events.

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V-BELT TRANSMISSION DESIGN EFFICIENCY, USING MATHCAD PROGRAM

Mihaela TUROF

4/1/2017

Marine sciences and engineering; Renewable energies; Marine renewable energies and Sustenability; Advanced technologies for MET; Climate changes

The Mathcad interface allows users to combine a variety of different elements (mathematics, descriptive text, and supporting imagery) into the form of a worksheet, which is naturally readable. Because the mathematics are core to the program, the math is inherently live, dynamically recalculating as upstream values are altered. This allows for simple manipulation of input variables, assumptions, and expressions, which in turn update in real-time. The paper proposes the design by using Mathcad program of V-belt drives for speed reducer with a spur wheel stage.

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