Journal of Marine Technology and Environment 2017 Vol. 2

Short sea shipping industry of the European Union is a vital part of the European transportation networks. The present article analyses the recent trends in the development of European short sea shipping (SSS) and the economic impact of Annex VI of Marpol Convention regarding regulations on sulphur emission control. The IMO and the EU regulations related to sulphur emissions control have been studied in detail to outline the main issues concerning the feasibility of regulations compliance. The results from the empirical data analyses have shown that European SSS shipowners and operators have several alternatives in order to abide by these regulations. Compliance with regulations leads to higher operating costs that impede the competitiveness and further development of the industry.

By introducing the Mathcad software in design of machine is made interactive and easier data processing. In application created can be modified easily input data to obtain more rapid project results. The main source of AutoCAD is the ability to develop specialized applications running in the same graphical environment. The market for software developers under AutoCAD environment is immense. Basically, any care theme involves designing and finding somewhere more or less elaborate. This paper proposes the design of the screw-nut assembly to a ratchet press with Mathcad and AutoCAD software.

This paper represents a study on the possibilities for integration marine and air traffic data into a common geographic information system (GIS) display in the interest of better monitoring and management of transborder transport corridors. The maritime automatic identification system (AIS) technology, the automated reporting system for aviation transport (Automatic dependent surveillance – Broadcast, ADS-B) technology and the corresponded data transmition protocols are presented and analysed.

This paper represents a study for information security of ship’s navigational sensory network and possibilities for protection of the data streams on it. The current state and future evolution of basic protocols and standards for communication between marine electronic devices are described. It is found, that the data on the ship's sensory network is not protected from cyber-attacks and external interference. An approach is proposed for securing the ship's sensory network using micro-crypto devices for encryption of the navigational data between different sensors, indicators and systems. Every micro-crypto device is consisting of programmable microcontroller, which uses symmetric-key algorithms for encryption/decryption of the data with 128 bits key size. In addition, every micro-crypto device has a unique identification number (ID) and they are programmed to communicate with exactly defined sensors, indicators or systems in the network. The proposed solution falls under the domain of technical information protection measures. The implementation and the use of the proposed cybersecurity solution and increasing of the level of protection of marine navigation information will significantly enhance the safety of navigation and, respectively, the safety of human life at sea.

Acquisition of skills to apply the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) is one of the basic abilities of students from the Navigation specialty. Further training is a global requirement as well as self-improvement of students worldwide. Training institutions have no opportunity to do so; moreover, the creation of new centers would require a large financial resource, which necessitates flexible approaches to the training while taking into consideration the current situation. The build-up of electronic resources in the environment of the global network for a complementary or further training with assessment of performance is entirely in the spirit of modern standards for providing relevant training. Application of navigation simulators is a new approach to creating training content for the electronic courses. It has a gradual transition between university education and the need for additional COLREG training. One of the main advantages of using simulations is the different angles in which a given situation is presented and the possibilities for re-pass. The comparison of what is visually observed from the bridge and the radar screen with a "bird eye-view" gives learners additional skills to read real situations in their practice.

Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) was introduced since 2013 for new ships as a measure to improve energy efficiency of sea going ships. This factor already has created a great influence on global maritime industry. However, any requirement related to the energy efficiency of inland vessels does not exist. This paper attempts to evaluate EEDI for inland passenger vessels of Bangladesh. According to the results of this analysis, which has been based on 90 existing inland passenger vessels, EEDI that was introduced for seagoing ships cannot be applied for proper evaluation of inland passenger vessels due to limitation of carrying capacity and installed main engine power. So, the main objective of this paper is to provide EEDI reference line for inland passenger vessels of Bangladesh.

The approach presented in this paper refers to the study of the effect of specific heat of working fluid and heat loss on the performance of an Otto cycle, using finite time thermodynamics- as a powerful thermodynamic tool in the hand of specialists. Traditionally, Otto cycle performance issue was presented to the students in the case of constant specific heat, available only if it is assumed that the working fluid behaves as a perfect gas, meaning for relatively small temperature differences. Since in the practice are met large temperature differences, should be considered the case of variable specific heat, in this paper the adiabatic exponent being taken as a liniar function of temperature. For the both situations discussed in the paper are given formula for the calculation of the total energy of the fuel, the heat added to the working fluid, the heat leakage, the compression and expansion efficiencies, the work output and the thermal efficiency. The calculus is based on the cycle shown in temperature- entropy diagram, in which are also indicated the irreversible adiabatic compression and expansion.

Titanium alloys possess unique combination of good mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance which make them an attractive material for application in marine engineering. Along with these properties there are some disadvantages. The most important of them is the low hardness and poor tribological properties, which leads to poor fretting and fatigue resistance. These drawbacks limit the application of titanium alloys in production of machine parts, which are subjected to friction and surface contact loads. They can be successfully eliminated using numerous of surface treatment methods. One of the most commonly used is plasma treatment processes in nonautonomous plasma glow. These methods usually include plasma thermochemical treatment and afterwards plasma spraying of large variety of materials to the surface of the treated sample, which will eliminate the drawbacks of the titanium alloys and will increase the area of their application in marine engineering. This article presents investigation of the results obtained from plasma nitriding and plasma spraying of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V in nonautonomous plasma glow using TiO2 powder. The quality assessment and morphology of the plasma sprayed layer is made using micro structural analysis, EDS analysis, XRD analysis, SEM analysis and microhardness measurements.

The purpose of this paper is to show opportunities for improvement of ship energy efficiency and reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions through the implementation of an alternative fuels and energy sources. Biofuel and LNG as a fuel in shipping have great potential for the future. The use of alternative fuels in maritime transport is not only a good solution for environmental protection but also provides low fuel consumption and reduction of operational costs. Biofuels contain no sulphur and reduce carbon emissions. LNG is high-energy fuel with lower carbon content. These energy sources are suitable alternative and an environmentally friendly solution for replacing fossil fuels in the transport sector. Please use first-name for correspondence.

The proposed article describes the process of repairing worn-out rudder bearing hub by means of built up welding by the electrode subfusion welding method, as well as, the repair of propeller blades by semi-automatic MIG welding. The technological sequence of the recovery process is described, the used consumables are listed, as well as the technological modes of welding. The main steps of the process are illustrated.

The proposed article describes the process of reparing piston steel head in internal combustion ship engine MITSUBISHI 60 LS by means of flux-cored arc built up welding. The technological sequence, of the recovery process, is completely described, the used consumables are listed, as well as the technological modes of welding. The main steps of the process are illustrated.

This research analyzes the effects of underutilization of inland waterway transport on Nigerian economy. It also scrutinized critically, the challenges negating the utilization of the inland waterway transport and its relative impacts on the Nigerian economy. Primary data were obtained from staff of Nigeria Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA) and Nigeria Port Authority (NPA). Data received, from 60 respondents identified constraining variables were subjected to Principal Component Analysis using the Principal component and orthogonal varimax rotation. The student t-test was used to test the statistical significance of the hypotheses, and they were all found to be not statistically significant, thus the null hypothesis were rejected. From our findings, the 15-item variables optimally weighted and summed based on the Kaiser criterion of eigenvalue cut-off of 1.0, there were 6 components that explained a cumulative variance of 91.917%, leaving 8.083% to other variables not included in the analysis. In conclusion, a well-developed and integrated inland waterway transport is a vital tonic for the economic development of Nigeria. With a better managed inland waterways, Nigeria can develop a regional trade within the West African subregion as the River Niger cut across Nigeria, Benin, Mali, and Guinea and emptied into the Atlantic Ocean. She can also boost her tourism potentials, through waterway recreational activities. This will definitely contribute to the Nigerian GDP and has the capacity to support the economy in the wake of dwindling oil prices.

The structure of stochastic approximation methods is appropriate for realization in linear and non-linear stationary processes. Their application in optimization of pulses from radiolocation stations (RLS) is determined by the actual conditions of uncertainty (presence of noise and incomplete information about output data). Stochastic models of optimization are usually more adequate to real conditions with their choice of solution than determinate formulations of the extreme tasks. It applies to the optimization of impulse parameters that have static mode of operation of the electronic stage i.e., the circuit function is an algebraic equation. There is a simple and reliable algorithm enough to link the circuit function to the setting area of the existing element. Taking into account the nature of the respective real phenomena it is found that the most convenient method is the stochastic approximation. Practically, the degree of influence of the individual elements on the parameter of the set pulse, as well as the order of variation of the radio elements (R* and C*) is determined, which facilitates the practical realization of the algorithms at repair.

Emissions from the shipping sector must be curbed in order to reduce air pollution and climate change impacts. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) has stipulated mandatory technical and operation measures, which require more efficient maritime energy use and, simultaneously, less emissions. These regulations came into force in 2013. The industry itself has set targets to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20% by 2020 and 50% by 2050. Ship operators, therefore, need to consider cleaner fuel and power options, including the use of renewables, to meet these targets. Furthermore, rising bunker fuel prices, amid a globally volatile market, provide another compelling reason to scale up modern shipping solutions based on renewable sources and technologies.

Transport activities give rise to environmental impacts, accidents, congestion, and infrastructure wear and tear. In contrast to the benefits, the costs of these effects of transport are not fully borne by transport users. Without policy intervention, the so called external costs are not taken into account by transport users when they make travel decisions. Transport users are thus faced with incorrect incentives, leading to welfare losses.The next study gives a perspective to what it could be done

Position locаtion rеfеrs to thе functionаlity аnd еvеnts thаt еstimаtе thе locаtion of а point of intеrеst. Dеvеlopmеnt of wirеlеss communicаtion tеchnology аnd widе usе of wirеlеss nеtworks hаvе mаdе locаtion-аwаrе аpplicаtions possiblе аnd nеcеssаry. Objеct positioning locаtion is аn еssеntiаl еlеmеnt in mаny аpplicаtions such аs nаvigаtion, trаcking, еmеrgеncy sеrvicе, locаtion bаsеd sеrvicеs аnd sеcurity. Position locаtion involvеs thе coordinаtеs of а tеrminаl thаt mаy bе in two or thrее dimеnsions аnd contаins informаtion such аs thе lаtitudе аnd longitudе. Thе position locаtion should idеаlly bе аvаilаblе еvеrywhеrе. Kееping trаck of objеcts cаn аssist whilе improving sаfеty аnd providing control еfficiеntly. This pаpеr is аn ovеrview thаt concеrns a method of utilizаtion of digitаl аudio rаdiobroаdcаting tеchnology for locаlizаtion purposеs whilе аt sеа. Thе dеscribеd mеthod rеlаtеs gеnеrаlly to position dеtеrminаtion аnd pаrticulаrly to position dеtеrminаtion using digitаl аudio broаdcаsting signаls (DАB). In-bаnd Onchаnnеl (IBOC) digitаl аudio broаdcаsting dеlivеrs bеsidеs еnhаncеd fidеlity аnd improvеd rеcеption, somе dаtа sеrvicеs. Thеsе digital sеrvicеs could bе utilizеd for position locаtion whеrе thеrе’s еnough covеrаgе not fаr from shorе.

During the period November 2015 - May 2016, a radon awareness survey was conducted to measure awareness and knowledge about some characteristics and health hazards of radon among residents in Constanta County, Romania. Questionnaire data consisted of knowledge and risk perception about radon. A total number of 445 participants responded to the questionnaires. The survey found that only 41% respondents had heard of radon. This study shows the necessity to inform the population about the health risk posed by radon, the necessity of monitoring and mitigation methods of it.