Journal of Marine Technology and Environment 2025 Vol. 1

This paper analyses the evolution of science in time and regards the relationship between science and religion from early times until present times. It shows that the origins of early science are to be found in monasteries and churches and the first universities were founded around these religious institutions. Later on, due to various motivations, mainly because of the abuses of the medieval church and of its representatives, but also due to rationalism which claimed to have all answers to scientific issues, the science continuously diverges from the religious belief. The present-day stage of the science, however, and the complicate issues science is struggling today with to solve, cannot anymore be explained by the blunt rationalism. Entering such serious predicaments, such as presented in this paper, the usual tool of the science which is the human reasoning is completely insufficient to explain many of the weird phenomena of Nature, and it seems that man should abolish this way of the blunt rationalism and should access mainly unknown forces like love or true faith.

Perishables requested by consumers all over the world are transported intensively and request no interruption of the cold chain. In this context, cold chain logistics, quality and safety of the products together with convenient comprehensive cost of cold chain transportation are under the attention of all actors involved in the process. Refrigeration is the technology with a key role in this activity. It is a technology with high energy consumption and rises environmental problems. In this paper cold chain transportation is approached multidisciplinary, so that this manuscript can be used as a guidance for different specialists. Are provided fundamentals of vapour compression refrigeration systems and formulae for costs affecting the total cost of this activity. It is taken into discussion multimodal transport, being considered costs reflecting on shore and on board transport of perishables.

The implementation of UN [1] Sustainable Development Goals, specifically Goal 14, and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021- 2030, (UNESCO, 2021), has generated global interest in ocean literacy, albeit without corresponding formal impetus for formal adoption of the concept - as is the case for many developing countries. This paper explores the inextricable links between Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 14, 4 and 17. Ocean literacy is needed as a fundamental human science requirement for student and youth learning, across geographies, languages and curricula. Evidently, there are global examples of successful OL [2] initiatives which have been shown to be effective tools in creating unique, immersive, life-impacting learning experiences about the marine environment for both learners and educators. (Mann-Borgese et al., 2018) (Fauville et al., 2018a) Cognisance is also given to the current period of the UN Decade of Indigenous Languages 2022 – 32 (Martin, 2017), aptly displayed in the translation of the International Ocean Literacy Survey [3] (IOLS) framework into 16 international languages. (Fauville et al., 2018) The introduction of learner-friendly material, including in story-telling formats, is proposed as an effective learning tool for young learners. One such example is a cartoon publication in story format, illustrating ocean-literate choices based on IMO principles, translated by this paper’s author, into Africa’s most widely spoken Sub-Saharan language, Swahili,[4] – with relevance of indigenous languages. (Salawu, 2006). This submission advocates for learning systems that define relevant content and introduce ocean pedagogies aimed as empowering learners by establishing ocean literacy as a fundamental human science. The ability to effect positive and self-driven personal behaviour creates the best defence for ocean and planet sustainability by enhancing learners’ familiarity with ocean literacy principles, creating or strengthening the people-planet relationship, affect paradigm shifts in anthropogenic activities and inclusion of alternative marine environment education. (Watanabe, 2020). A collaborative approach amongst all stakeholders is necessary for the sake of the planet, people and progress.

The European Green Deal embodies an audacious and all-encompassing vision for the European Union to tackle urgent environmental issues, counteract climate change, and foster sustainable growth. Renewable energy sources, including wind, solar, and hydropower, have become increasingly prominent. Renewable energy sources have exceeded the use of solid fossil fuels in their contribution to the overall energy supply in recent years. The European Union must devise a strategy to eliminate its most significant sources of pollution. This paper seeks to tackle the persistent energy issue by guaranteeing a smooth and effective transition to clean and efficient energy sources. The process entails expanding the range of energy sources, enhancing the grid infrastructure, and advocating for energy efficiency. In the last paragraph, it will be examined a potential course of action for executing the European Green Deal. Some of present suggestions include allocating funds towards renewable energy, enhancing the efficiency of public transit, and investing in education.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has implemented rules aiming to halve emissions by 2050 within the maritime industry. Greenport is a port initiative emphasizing environmental sustainability, striving for minimal emissions across all operations and activities. The integration of electric tugboats into maritime operations has garnered significant attention as the maritime industry seeks to address environmental concerns and transition towards sustainable practices. This paper explores the multifaceted advantages and disadvantages associated with the adoption of electric propulsion technology in tugboats. One of the primary advantages of electric tugboats lies in their potential to significantly reduce emissions and environmental impact compared to conventional diesel-powered vessels. By utilizing electric propulsion systems, tugboats can operate with zero emissions at the point of use, thereby mitigating air and water pollution in port areas and surrounding communities. This environmental benefit aligns with global efforts to combat climate change and improve air quality, making electric tugboats an attractive option for ports and shipping companies aiming to reduce their carbon footprint. The adoption of electric tugboats also presents several challenges and considerations. One of the primary challenges is the upfront cost associated with purchasing electric tugboats and establishing the necessary charging infrastructure. While electric tugboats may offer long-term cost savings through reduced fuel and maintenance expenses, the initial investment required for electric propulsion systems and charging infrastructure can be substantial, posing a barrier to adoption for some operators. The adoption of electric tugboats presents both opportunities and challenges for the maritime industry. While electric propulsion technology offers significant environmental and operational benefits, stakeholders must carefully evaluate the advantages and disadvantages to make informed decisions regarding the integration of electric tugboats into their fleets. By addressing challenges such as upfront costs, infrastructure requirements, and technological limitations, the maritime industry can harness the potential of electric propulsion technology to drive sustainable innovation and achieve long-term environmental and economic goals.

The skull is a bony cavity that protects the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bones, namely, the cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone, but two parts are more important: the skull and the mandible. In humans, these two parts are the neurocranium (brain shell) and viscerocranium (facial skeleton), which includes the mandible as its largest bone. The human cranium, the part that contains the brain, is globular and relatively large in comparison with the face. In most other animals the facial portion of the skull, including the upper teeth and the nose, is larger than the cranium. In humans the skull is supported by the highest vertebra, called the atlas, permitting nodding motion. In this paper we present the influence of neurosurgical procedures and materials to treat skull defects.

In this paper, we propose to analyse the air quality in the urban environment, respectively in the city of Constanta. The sources of pollution are multiple, both for the air outside and for the air inside: solid and liquid particles, gas emissions from vehicle exhaust, from industrial sources, cleaning products. All these sources of pollution constitute a real danger for human health, some being even toxic. 4 locations were chosen for measurements and the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 particles were measured, after which the risk level was established in the period April-May 2024, comparing the data with those provided by the National Environmental Protection Agency. The analysed results show that the quality parameters for PM2.5 and PM10 particles in the outside air have a moderate impact on the environment, while for the premises they are within accessible limits.

The purpose of this work is to highlight some harsh realities with which modern society is confronted, discussing the growing discrepancy between the evolution of artificial intelligence capabilities to intervene in people's lives and the set of laws that regulate, and especially, impose some practical barriers within the development framework of this technological domain. Laws and draft laws tangential or of immediate applicability will be analysed in what follows, they will be commented on and interpreted. Likewise, we will address the micro and macro perspective, both national and international, and conclude with proposals for laws that, from our point of view, need to be subject to debate in order to reach a consensus. The importance of the issue is often debated in academic circles, as well as in everyday discussions. So, how far do we let artificial intelligence make our lives easier? What is the limit between "enough" and "too much"? Is it worth giving up our individual freedom to increase comfort and security? To these questions and many others, we will try to provide answers with the help of this writing, inviting those who wish to engage in constructive argumentation.

The concept of global order has been a recurring theme of analysis and debate in academia and civil society. This paper proposes a comparative analysis of the contributions of two reference writers regarding the concept of global order. By approaching the works of Henry Kissinger and Immanuel Wallerstein, the authors investigate how Kissinger and Wallerstein perceive and conceive the dynamics and evolution of global order. The research methodology is based on the comparative analysis of the writings of Kissinger and Wallerstein, with an emphasis on theories of realism and their implications for national security and the nation-state. Through this comparative approach, the authors of the article propose to highlight the convergences between the two viewpoints, allowing for a broader understanding of the perspective on the concept of global order. This article aims not only to retrospectively analyse the thinking of Kissinger and Wallerstein but also to formulate some perspectives on the imperious ability of the global order. Thus, the authors of the article may provide an answer to key concerns regarding the viability and sustainability of the current global order, the exploration of reforms, and adaptation to new global realities. This approach contributes to the academic debate and aids the formulation of relevant conclusions concerning possible developments and necessary adjustments within the existent global order.

In today’s society, mental health is a topic frequently discussed. With the extent of changes in our daily lives in recent years, driven by factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the increasing integration of technology into our daily routines, and social pressures, attention to the mental well-being of every individual in society has grown. While some sceptics view it as a topic that is given more attention than it deserves, we must acknowledge the impact that this highly subjective factor has both on every individual within the community we live in and on society as a whole. Mental health has a profound effect on the development of personal life, but it also clearly influences individual performance in academic and professional settings. The well-being of each person and of society, in general, is closely linked to thriving mental health; however, this topic remains stigmatized and often insufficiently addressed.

Cyberattacks on a human resources company's Wi-Fi networks can expose client data and internal systems, damaging the company's reputation. This article outlines the major attack types and the implemented security measures by the company against cyberattacks, in the context of Wi-Fi network protection. A scenario of an attack is presented, aiming to prevent and minimize cyber risks and attacks. The measures discussed lead to improved security of networks and systems, strengthened data protection, and the development of a system capable of facing the constantly evolving cyber threats. They reduce risks of unauthorized access, financial losses, and reputational damage. To maintain a high level of security, employee education and constant monitoring are crucial. Furthermore, the managers of a human resources company can use the results of this study to protect clients, employees, and the company's confidential data, thereby improving business efficiency.

The first goal of this study is to examine the performance of a semi-empirical model used for calculating specific energy consumption (SEC) in reverse osmosis desalination. We have introduced a simulation tool (SECSM) to compare this semi-empirical model (SECSEM) and the SECSM. It's worth noting that the simulation model is open source and can be easily integrated easily with other software tools. For this comparison, we explored a temperature range T (10°C - 22°C - 35°C), recovery rate R from 30% to 65%, and a pump efficiency range of γ_HPP ~78% to 98%. An increase in these parameters leads to a decrease in SEC (both SECSEM and SECSM) for systems without energy recovery devices (ERD). However, the introduction of an ERD results in a variable change in SECSEM. Under specific conditions of 35°C, a pump efficiency of 98%, and an R of 65%, the SECSEM reaches its minimum values. In the case of the two-stage unit (TS), the SECSEM and SECSM models converge to the same value of 0.28 KWh/m³. Meanwhile, for the single-stage unit (SS), the values are 0.4 KWh/m³ and 0.39 KWh/m³, respectively. Regarding the unit equipped with the BW 400 34 and SW HF 085 31 membranes, in both SS and TS configurations, the energy consumption for both models converge towards the values 0.71 KWh/m³, 0.70 KWh/m³, and 0.95 KWh/m³, 0.94 KWh/m³ respectively. In the second part of this paper, a comparative study to validate this semi-empirical model without ERD against experimental data was conducted. The SECSEM showed values very close to the experimental results. The findings are discussed below.