Items

  • PRACTICAL SESSION USED FOR A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION SYSTEMS – A PURPOSE OF TEACHING IN CONSTANTA MARITIME UNIVERSITY

    In order to increase the knowledge of future marine engineers it is needed to bring closer the practical skills with theoretical gains. In Constanta Maritime University, Marine Refrigerating Plants is a discipline included in the curricula of future marine engineers. Practical learning can be also developed on low cost and effective means – as it will be proven in the paper. By using Coolselector 2, future marine engineers are trained to apply theoretical knowledge such as thermodynamics principles and to better understand the vapour compression cycle analysis, thermodynamic properties of refrigerants or the importance of the main components of a basic vapour compression refrigeration cycle. At the end of the practical session, students will gain important skills specific to theoretical aspects of refrigeration and thermodynamic processes and real situations.
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  • PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION USING PETRI NETS

    The work finds purpose in the development of automating fibrous bag palletizing solutions. Using Petri nets, representation and studying of the entire process in a simple manner was possible, from bag apprehension until the final palletization of the filled bags – which allowed the analysis of system performance. Using PIPE, different process configurations were laid out and with FlexSim 2024 a virtual representation of the production line was made.
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  • CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN AREAS WITH FISHING POTENTIAL

    In the present study, the physico-chemical quality of the water in the Midia coastal area, the Tasaul Lake and the Siutghiol Lake water bodies were analyzed, as integrated sites in the territory of the North Dobrogea FLAG. This study allows establishing the state of favourability of the aquatic ecosystem, focusing on the chlorophyll content as the basis of the trophic level. The premise of a stable ecosystem induces the possibility of developing natural fish resources. An essential attribute in the context of preserving natural heritage and increasing the attractiveness for fishing activities, is the need to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative profile of the phytoplankton and, respectively, the eutrophication indicators. If aquaculture activities will be developed in the analyzed areas in the future, they could increase the economic value of the Romanian sector of the Black Sea. The biological analyzes of the water quality are the basis of the substantiation of some methods of its determination and evaluation. Thus, testing the concentration of chlorophyll, the classes of algae and the photosynthetic activity, are useful for the evaluation of eutrophication in the aquatic environment, but also for the evaluation of productivity in the surface waters studied. At the same time, the determination and evaluation of the physical and chemical parameters of water quality allowed the realization of some correlations with the structure of the biota. In this sense, the analysis methods are based on the use of modern equipment based on real time (in situ) determinations.
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  • THE ENERGETIC TRANSITION OF SNP

    The paper "THE ENERGETIC TRANSITION OF SNP" synthesizes the green strategies that the company must apply, according to the European Green Pact, in order to avoid the expansion of environmental pollution. Regarding strategic strategies and objectives, the paper will focus on presenting strategic directions such as the approach of the sulphur dioxide emission reduction strategy and the digital transformation strategy. As for the environmental policy, it follows the principles of precaution, prevention and correction of pollution at source and on the principle „ the polluter pays”. Also, within the paper we will analyse some graphs and statistics on the financial performance of OMV PETROM, highlighting the success that the company has in recent years precisely due to green investments!
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  • SHORT INTRODUCTION ON PRESENT DESIGN AND TRENDS REGARDING

    This paper covers some aspects regarding present technology used in large crude oil carriers design and operation, as well as requirements regarding energy management on board. Obviously, due to complexity of such subject, there cannot be an exhaustive presentation. It is intended as a mere starting point for further discussion and research regarding possibilities to improve vessel’s general energy efficiency, including ways of using non-conventional and renewable energy, with due regard to specific trading routes involving large oil tankers. Some practical figures achieved typically on a Very Large Crude Oil Carriers engaged in international voyages are presented. A brief explanation on Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) and Carbon Conversion Factors (CF), as accepted by IMO, is also included. Work may be continued with further theoretical research in energy efficiency improvement on board such vessels. The article is structured in five parts: Introduction, Main Particulars of Large Tankers, Oil Tankers Outfitting, Energy Management Plan and Conclusion.
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  • BEYOND THE HORIZON: FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFORMING MARITIME NAVIGATION

    The shipping industry is constantly evolving to meet today's demands and challenges. This article explores how innovations and trends in shipping are influencing the efficiency, sustainability and competitiveness of this vital sector of the global economy. Analysing technological transformations and emerging practices, the paper reveals how new technologies and cross-company collaborations are shaping the future of the maritime industry. The example of the BYD Explorer fleet, the first Ro-Ro vessel specialised in transporting electric cars, underlines the adaptability and innovation in response to the current needs of the automotive industry and sustainability requirements. At the same time, the collaboration between MOL and Bearing, which has led to the development of advanced solutions based on artificial intelligence, demonstrates the positive impact of innovation in optimising maritime operations.
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  • A REVIEW OF THE HARVESTING METHODS FOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY – ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES

    The present work offers general information about present-day and developments in offshore renewable energy, specially of wind, wave and the solar energy harnessing structures. In the introduction, the authors raise awareness of the despite more untapped potentials that exist in the oceans and the offshore Wind Energy Market that is experiencing a steep rise in the recent past due to technological advancement and the great policies that support this energy source. This mainly focuses on the very huge additionality of offshore wind power and the improvements in floating solar PV systems. Section three outlines an assortment of studies that were done by different writers on the strengths and weaknesses of offshore renewable energy technologies through a meta-analysis of the literature. The method of data extraction revolved around several factors, namely technological admissibility, resource identification, location and environmental and economic factors. The sources used comprised of scholarly articles published within the peer reviewed journals in the period of 2013 to 2024, to ensure that the study offered a comprehensive analysis on the technological advancements. The results and discussion section gives an analysis of the results achieved and demonstrates the developments in Offshore Wind Energy, Wave Energy Conversion, and Floating Solar PV Systems. Thus, offshore wind energy is described as the rapidly evolving segment and particular focus is made on the floating wind farms and their advancements in the aspects of power density and structural stability. Wave energy converters are discussed regarding their applicability to complement hybrid electricity production despite limited data on the devices’ performance. Another key feature is that the FFPV systems are reported to be more efficient and cheaper than the land mounted systems. Thus, the article emphasizes the need to produce the further literature on offshore renewable energy, political support, and cooperation between different sectors. It concludes that an offshore renewable energy has the potential for the future development due to advancement in the technology as well as due to environmental factors.
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  • DESCRIPTION OF TYPES OF RESEARCH

    Research is a form of knowledge whose content is given by the "creation" resulting from human curiosity, or better said, research activity. Scientific research is based on scientific knowledge and is a continuous search carried out within a complex process, the content of which is given by "scientific creation". The researcher's opinion is actually his answer, written in the form of a narrative, the content of which presents, in a logical and fluent structure, the staged development of the research activity, as well as the conclusions and results obtained as a result. When we discuss about types of research we are actually discussing different approaches that researchers can use to research a problem, a phenomenon or even a process. The methodology used in a research activity is often determined by the type of research being addressed. Therefore, there are different types of research, and each of them is conducted for a specific purpose, scope and type of data.
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  • EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE PRESENCE OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE SOIL OF THE NORTH CONSTANTA ZONE

    This experimental research engages in an investigation of sediment quality, with a focus on the identification and quantification of hydrocarbons and other contaminants that may adversely affect the health of the marine and terrestrial ecosystem in the Black Sea region. The purpose of this experimental research is to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of hydrocarbon pollution and its impact on the marine and terrestrial environment in the Black Sea area.
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  • EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION METHODS VIA ArcGIS, APPLIED TO SATELLITE DATA OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SST, CASE OF THE ALBORAN SEA

    In various fields such as Oceanography, interpolation methods are pivotal in generating continuous surface data from discrete point data. This research endeavors to conduct a comprehensive comparison and evaluation of deterministic interpolation techniques, including Radial Basis Function (RBF), Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), and geostatistical methods like Kriging Universal (KU) and Kriging Ordinary (KO), in the context of mapping sea surface temperature (SST) within the Alboran Sea. Among these methods, the KO interpolation method emerges as particularly promising, boasting a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.035 and an impressive coefficient of determination (R²) approaching unity (0.999). Furthermore, the cross-validation results reveal that the KO method not only provides the most accurate estimates but exhibits minimal bias, as evidenced by a mean error close to zero. These findings not only contribute to the field of SST mapping but also have broader implications for the interpolation of other climate parameters.
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  • URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF CONSTANTA

    The purpose of this article is to draw attention to a potential environmental effect of the Constanta Metropolitan Area's growth. In order to accomplish this goal, the proposed objectives were as follows: measuring the concentration of several environmental variables in three different locations in the Constanta Metropolitan Area as well as assessing the air quality; comparing the measurement results with the hourly records of pollutant concentrations in various locations within the area of interest; and assessing the impact of human activity on the environment. In order to conduct this research, measurements were made with an Air Quality Monitor model JSM-131 and data recorded and provided by the National Air Quality Network and uRad Monitor on hourly concentrations of some environmental parameters in the area of interest were used. Metropolitan areas, which are defined by dense populations and activity centres, can preserve environmental quality by implementing local policies that are tailored to the specific demands of the community. This necessitates identifying and continually maintaining monitoring on local environmental hazards.
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  • CROWD PSYCHOLOGY AND PUBLIC ORDER EVENT MANAGEMENT: ANALYSIS OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

    The management of public order events is a complex task that requires a deep understanding of crowd psychology and effective intervention strategies. This paper provides an analysis of collective behaviour and the key factors that can influence the behaviour of crowds during public order events. It also explores the role of law enforcement agencies and other public authorities in managing public order events and the importance of effective communication strategies. The paper emphasizes the need for a multi-disciplinary approach that incorporates insights from psychology, sociology, and other social sciences in the development of effective strategies for public order management. It argues that a better understanding of the dynamics of collective behaviour can help law enforcement officers to prevent or manage potentially dangerous situations during public order events. Effective communication is another key aspect of public order management, and the paper highlights the importance of clear and respectful language in establishing a rapport with the crowd and reducing the risk of confrontations. It also emphasizes the need for cultural sensitivity in communication strategies, especially in multicultural societies where different groups may have different norms and values. Overall, the paper concludes that effective public order management requires a deep understanding of the psychology of crowds, effective communication strategies, and a multi-disciplinary approach that incorporates insights from various social sciences
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  • EVOLUTIONS IN COMMUNICATION WITH A.I. SYSTEMS OF GENERATIVE PRETRAINED TRANSFORMATIVE TYPE. DEVELOPING A.I. MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS BASED ON DATA PREVIOUSLY ACQUIRED BY A.I. E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS

    This paper presents how A.I. can be used to create and develop useful applications, but also how data from a certain area of A.I. can be hijacked and repurposed in other areas of A.I, sometimes without the prior consent of the users, or even worse, information can be even hacked and used for evil purposes. It also shows how this fact can jeopardize and infringe upon the rights of users giving up their sensitive personal data in internet.
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  • HUNTING FOR GENIUS. WHAT IS BRILLIANCE? CAN A.I. BE BRILLIANT?

    This paper concerns the common features exhibited by geniuses and the ingredients which forms the recipe for a genius. It analyses the creativity of some of the most remarkable geniuses of mankind who have generated scientific theories and inventions, which brought our civilization further and further, in both, technology and in understanding our Universe. It presents what these geniuses had in common and what differentiated them from the common people, and also how they succeeded to achieve what they created. In its last section, this paper analyses the question whether A.I. could be brilliant or not and gives extensive explanations for the verdict regarding the potential brilliance of A.I.
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  • YOUNG’S MODULUS OF CALCIUM-ALUMINO-SILICATE GLASSES: INSIGHT FROM MACHINE LEARNING

    Modern technologies require the development of new materials with exceptional properties. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques have become important tools for discovering new materials and predicting the properties of specific materials, such as glasses. In this paper, we used ML and DL techniques to predict the Young's modulus E of Calcium-Alumino-Silicate (CAS) glasses based on their chemical composition. We evaluated four different algorithms, including Polynomial Regression (PR), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Multi-Layer Perceptron Regressor (MLPRegressor). We found that the PR algorithm provides excellent predictions without Cross-Validation (CV), while the MLPRegressor yields the best performance when CV is implemented.
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  • SMART DEVICE FOR PET RECYCLING

    PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is a common plastic substance used to make water bottles, carbonated drinks, juices and others. PET is durable and easy to transport, but can be difficult to degrade in nature. If not recycled, PET can remain in the environment for hundreds of years, polluting the sea and other environmental areas. The work presents the creation of an smart device, which can easily, with low costs, be transformed in laboratory conditions, respecting the steps of the industrial technological process, of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into recycled PET. The final goal is to research the mechanical characteristics of recycled PET. The method used is Computer Assisted Thermoplastic Extrusion, the main parameters of the entire technological process being permanently monitored. The results of mechanical and thermal tests were demonstrated that recycled PET can be transformed into filament for 3D printing of finished products that have properties similar to those obtained industrially.
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  • EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF ADDING CELLULOSE NITRATE TO THE OCTANIC NUMBER OF FUELS

    The paperwork has as purpose improvement of anti-explosive properties of liquid fuels for spark ignition engines through nitrate addition and quantitative determination of the octane number resulting from the CFR ASTM Waukesha engine support.
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  • STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF CELLULOSE TRINITRATE IN THE MODIFICATION OF PROPERTIES OF UNLEADED GASOLINE CO 95 AND VISUALIZING ITS INTERNAL STRUCTURE

    Celluloses as a part of biomass can be considered a source of cheap, renewal energy that can be transformed in energy directly through ignition or incorporating it is an usual fuel.
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  • ANALYSIS AND DIMENSIONING OF THE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM OF BULK-CARRIER

    In the context of the global oil crisis, in all fields, an optimization of fuel consumption and an improvement of the efficiency of energy installations are being attempted. Thus, the shipping and transport industry is converging towards this idea by implementing energy installations with increased yields and reduced consumption. At the same time, for this purpose, it is also tried to increase the efficiency through the appropriate preparation of the fuel or its burning in optimal conditions. Thus, in this context, the chosen topic aims to deal with aspects related to the dimensioning of the fuel supply system for a 178,000 tdw universal Bulk-Carrier. The ship is propelled by a B&W 8L60MC main engine that has been modernized in order to reduce consumption, noxious emissions and increase the energy efficiency index. Bulk-Carrier ships are intended for the transport of various goods in bulk: iron ore, grain, coal, phosphates and other similar goods.
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  • STATE OF THE ART IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGY: INNOVATIONS AND ADVANCEMENTS

    This paper examines various types of batteries and their modes of operation in a rapidly evolving technological world. From the definition of batteries and the distinction between cells and batteries, to their history and uses in various applications, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the subject. Primary and secondary batteries are explored, with examples such as alkaline and nickel-metal hydride batteries, highlighting the characteristics of each. Additionally, lithium-ion batteries are examined in detail, including their specific properties and innovative mode of operation. The article also addresses charging and discharging methods, including LiFePO4 technology, providing a comprehensive understanding of these essential components in modern devices.
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  • REVIEW OF BATTERY TYPES AND APPLICATION TO WIND POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

    The paper discusses diverse energy storage technologies, highlighting the limitations of lead-acid batteries and the emergence of cleaner alternatives such as lithium-ion batteries. It covers battery inspections, factors affecting battery life, and repurposing retired batteries. Additionally, it addresses challenges in wind power generation and the successful application of LL-type VRLA batteries in stabilizing power fluctuations.
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  • THE EIS METHOD CAN IDENTIFY CHANGES IN WATER CONTENT IN SOIL PORES: DETECTION OF DRY AND WET SOIL BY EIS METHOD IN THE CHERRY ORCHARD IN ŽABČICE, CZECH REPUBLIC

    Climate change is a complex and to some extent defining problem of our time, including the issue of their monitoring. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in scale. The each other interconnected processes of mass and energy transfer are well visible in an integrated dynamic system called the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of the Earth. Meteorological conditions undoubtedly have, in addition to different agro-ecological conditions, a significant influence on the monitored yields and crop quality. The paper presents the results of the soil monitoring at cherry orchard Žabčice, Czech Republic in place with different species of grassland with different lengths of their roots. Monitoring was realized manually with frequency one per month with using Z-meter devices developed through international EUREKA programme. The monitoring system allows measurement at one selected frequency of the measuring signal, or measurement in a frequency band. Both approaches were used to monitor changes in soil water content. Changes in the water content in the soil were monitored during artificial irrigation of grass (frequency spectrum) with a mobile probe and due to changes in the weather - drought and after torrential rain on the site (chosen frequency of the measuring signal) with stable probes. For practical reasons to limit the influence of uncertainties, the measurement was conceived as relative, and therefore calibration was not carried out for e.g. relative humidity of the soil. The monitoring results show the possibility of using the measuring system for the given purpose in full, including the possibility of its automation.
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  • METOCEAN SPECIFICATIONS FOR WIND DATA BASE ON THE BLACK SEA

    In this paper we present the steps to establish a design of floating wind turbine in offshore area. In order to be able to design a floating wind turbine in the offshore area of the Black Sea, data about the wind potential, the potential of waves and sea currents are needed, as well as wave-wind cross-data and other atmospheric data. It is assumed that the location of the floating turbine is the area of the Galata platform, Varna, Bulgaria, located at 25 km south-east of the city of Varna in the South-West Black Sea area. The wind dataset can downloaded from a server in NetCDF file form. The spatial data are used to generate wind maps showing the distribution of the mean wind speed for the full-time distribution (i.e. total time) and for the four seasons, respectively.
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  • EARLY TRANSHUMANISM IDEAS AND THEIR EXTENSIONS REGARDING EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY AND OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

    This paper presents some very early transhumanism ideas and their relationship with the development of technology and how they almost virtually became reality in our days. Writers like Samuel Butler, Aldous Huxley or George Orwell have long time ago predicted some of the issues humankind will face and some of them also even suggested possible solutions to these future problems which nowadays have become reality. This paper also makes predictions about and presents extensions of these early transhumanism ideas, related to the very recent evolutions in technology and artificial intelligence, but it also presents related dangers and possible future evolutions and solutions to these actual problems, as envisioned by the author of this paper .
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  • A POINT OF VIEW ON FORMATIVE- EVALUATION OF PART- TIME STUDENTS IN CONSTANTA MARITIME UNIVERSITY- A CASE OF STUDY

    Part- time education is very attractive for students and universities, due to its obvious benefits related with economic, mobility and friendly education environment aspects. In Constanta Maritime University, part- time education is available for marine engineering, electrical engineering and navigation and waterborne transport programs. According to the Romanian legislation, the evaluation of part- time students consists in two types of assessment: formative evaluation and final evaluation. The formative evaluation is carried on by the use of the university’ E- Platform, while the final evaluation is face to face type- exactly like the one of full- time students. In the case of study, it is described the formative evaluation of part- time students enrolled in Marine Engineering program, second year of study, in the case of students’ performance assessment in Thermodynamics 1 Course. There are enrolled 52 students, but only 25 attended the formative evaluation, despite of the fact that this evaluation has a percentage in the final grade. This paper describes the manner in which this evaluation took place. Also, where analysed the reasons for not attendance and mistakes in test solving. Where identified the ways in which students performance might be improved, for a better understanding of the curricula.
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