THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF EMMISIONS GENERATED BY ROUTINE OPERATION ON PORTS

The expansion of international trade arising from globalization has led to a substantial increase in goods transshipment between ports. This has led to increased emissions from ships in ports, and trucks traveling to and from ports. Increment of ship traffics and machineries could be a source of gaseous emissions and particulate pollutants.

This study attempt to investigate the problems in Johor Port. Emission sources concentration of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon oxides (CO, CO2) and particulate matter less than 10 µm (PM10) in port were obtained. From the results obtained based on the comparison with Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG), NO2 concentration surprisingly exceed the limit by 5.9 percent in sampling station 2 while highest SO2 concentration were detected in sampling station 1 and 3 with a value of 0.2 ppm exceeding the RMAQG limits of 0.13 ppm by 53.8 percent for both stations. Other gaseous at station 1, 2 and 3 are still within the recommended guidelines.

Based on the computation of Ocean-Going Vessels (OGVs) emissions estimate and later compiled as inventory, the results clearly shows that major pollutants contributor in Johor Port are oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) with a percentage value of 60 and 27 percent for maneuvering mode while 60 and 28 percent for berthing mode. Other pollutants contribute below than 10 percent for both modes.