Epidemiological Indices for Assessing Oral Hygiene: A Relevant Tool in Public Health

Aim. Various epidemiological indices have been developed to quantify oral hygiene and plaque accumulation, aiding clinical assessment and public health initiatives. The aim of this study was to highlight the main epidemiological indices used for standardized evaluation of oral hygiene and dental plaque, crucial for monitoring and control at both individual and population levels for preventive reason. Material and method. Through a narrative review, the article analyzes the main indices used to assess oral hygiene. Results. Some of the most clinically relevant indices are represented by the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP), which evaluate soft debris and calculus presence. Our research also covers several bacterial plaque indices including the Silness & Löe Plaque Index, Quigley-Hein Plaque Index, O’Leary Plaque Index, and Approximal Plaque Index (API), which measure plaque thickness and distribution. Conclusions. The epidemiological indices presented serve as essential tools for dental practitioners and public health professionals to objectively assess oral hygiene status, guide personalized treatments, monitor progress and evaluate preventive programs.