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An overview of compensation measures for early leaving from education and training in Romania
Anamaria Năstasă; Anamaria Beatrice Aldea2020Social sciences; Social PolicyEarly leaving from education and training poses challenges for many European educational systems. Early leavers from education are more likely to experience unemployment and poverty, as well as social exclusion. Our paper aims to give a comprehensive overview of the compensation measures implemented in this field in Romania. The paper starts by analyzing the proportion of early leavers from education and training at the regional level in Romania and at the European level. It then describes the compensation measures available to tackle early leaving from education in Romania. We identified five main compensation measures: (1) the Second Chance Program, (2) evening or reduced-frequency high-school education, (3) apprenticeship at the workplace for European Qualifications Framework level 1, (4) vocational training for European Qualifications Framework level 1 and (5) vocational training courses for basic/key competencies. This article analyses the recent evolution of early leaving from a comparative perspective and simultaneously contributes to a better understanding of the existing compensation measures to reduce early leaving from education and training in Romania. -
Economic exclusion in old age
The economic exclusion of the older persons is addressed in the literature through the lens of the available income (mainly from pensions) and represents an important topic on the agenda of public decision-makers. The aim of this article is to present the perceptions of the older persons regarding the eAectiveness of the policy measures aimed at reducing social exclusion for this population category. To answer this objective, a survey was conducted among older persons (65 and over) at the national level. The following aspects were measured: the ability to cover current expenses; the necessity to supplement the available monthly income through loans in order to cover current expenses; the ability to cover unforeseen expenses, the ability of saving financial resources; the ability to use various financial products. Our study shows that although significant progresses have been made in the field of legal framework for pension, the available pension income remains low for a large proportion of the older population. -
Aspects of bullying in cyberspace for youth
Magdalena Claudia Uleia; Bianca Fontanella; Jolanta Lubiarz2020Social sciencesOur research aims to deepen the understanding of the evolution of traditional bullying into cyberbullying among youth. We compile and analyze various perspectives on bullying from fields such as medicine, economics, education, security, statistics, and developmental theory. Our findings highlight that both traditional bullying and its modern counterpart, cyberbullying or electronic bullying, have become phenomena on a global scale. The inherently interdisciplinary nature of bullying complicates the development of regulations and policy interventions. The complexity of the bullying phenomenon requires dedicated attention. We employ conceptual analysis within a developmental framework as our methodology. Our work contributes a standardized conceptual framework for addressing bullying, focusing on the increasingly prevalent issue of cyberbullying within the context of the Sustainable Development Goals and the European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. -
Mobility and transport in old age: recent evidence and implications
Mihaela Ghența; Aniela Matei2020Social sciencesAs the population ages, the need for flexible transport services, but also ensuring the accessibility of public spaces and means of transport become essential to prevent the exclusion of older persons from the community life. The aim of this article is to provide recent empirical evidence about the degree of use of means of transport by older persons, including their perception regarding the accessibility of public transport and spaces. To attain this objective, a survey was conducted among older persons (65 and over). Our study shows that the accessibility of public spaces and access to assistive devices that facilitate the mobility of older persons do not meet the needs of this population category, especially in rural areas. About a third of the participants admit that public transport is not adapted to the needs of older persons and the use of public transport is much more frequent in urban areas, compared to rural areas. The results of our study highlight the need for appropriate policy measures in the medium and long term period in the field of active aging and transport. -
From Growth to Sustainability in public policy to address Poverty
Vasilica Ciucă; Cristina Lincaru2020Social sciences; Social PolicyThis "policy brief" aims to provide a deep and functional understanding of the significant transformations regarding public policy to address Poverty from reduction and alleviation to poverty eradication. The path of public policy development marks the change in philosophy. It starts from growth policies approaches "Broad-Base" & "pro-poor growth" policies through "inclusion policy" to the beyond growth approach as it is the "just transition" policy. The methodology used is a comparative and evolutionary analysis for the 2007-2014, 2015-2020, 2021-2027 European Strategical documents under the Agenda 2030 sustainability framework. Our contribution is to formulate some policies' characteristics: * The "human dignity, universal social protection, social justice, sustainable development" are perennial and continuous objectives, reshaped under the intelligent machine era. * The factors, problems and solution design and coherence with the 1st Sustainable Development Goal are dissimilar across policies: - - - - The degree of novelty, governance level, and allocation mechanism shape the specificity of factors. The problem design focuses on space or people. The solution design is from reactive to anticipative. From the economic Growth, competitiveness & social protection policy toward system resilience policies with environmental sustainability, individuals, and communities' fair wellbeing outcomes are fully coherent with the 1st Sustainable Development Goal and the entire Agenda 2030 Framework. -
The Dispersion of Poverty in some Rural Areas – Good Examples of Rural Localities with the Lowest Poverty Rates
Cristina Stroe2024Social sciences; EconomicsPoverty was and is still present in all societies and in all times. Regardless of whether we are referring to countries or regions, counties or cities, poverty has made its presence felt in these areas as well. Also, the distribution of poverty between rural and urban has always highlighted large differences in the incidence of poverty, which have affected a large part of the population in these areas. It is well known that rural poverty is high, the gaps between rural and urban are significant in terms of poverty risks and thus, the reduction of poverty in rural areas represents still a major challenge for national and local strategies and action plans in the field. Although many studies have been carried out regarding poverty and rural poverty in the specialized literature, showing the high incidence especially in the Romanian rural area, the challenge of the present paper focuses on the identification of those Romanian rural localities that have succeeded to reach low rates of poverty and to become good -
Employment in Romania: recent trends and characteristics
Larisa Stănilă; Maria Denisa Vasilescu2024Social sciences; Economics; Labour marketThe labour market is an essential part of the economy, and some argue it might be a barometer of its health. The labour market is also a central figure of the Europe 2020 Strategy, the target for the employment rate for the 20-64 age group being set at 75% in the case of the EU and 70% in the case of Romania. Our research shows that Romania has the best chance of reaching this goal. At the regional level, the Nord-Est region stands out, with the highest employment rate for the entire period, while at the opposite pole we found the Centru region. At the same time, the unemployment rate in Romania was lower than the average of the European Union during 2007-2018. Unfortunately, the participation rate in active employment measures during 2007-2016 was downward, calling for measures in this area. -
Social priorities and politics of post-war reconstructive recovery of Ukraine
Vasyl Kostrytsya; Ghenadie Ciobanu; Tetyana Burlai; Viktoriіa Blyznіuk2024Social sciences; Public policyIn this article, we aimed to analyse the social priorities and directions of public policies for reconstruction of Ukraine. We focused on the relationships between labour market stability, social protection and long-term resilience. We aimed to examine how urgent measures during the war can be correlated with the country's reconstruction strategies, to ensure sustainable development and social cohesion. We addressed long-term social priorities and problems specific to the war period, highlighting the need to ensure a balance between the crisis and structural reforms. It is important to maintain the sustainability of employment and social protection in conditions of instability. Another important moment we considered the analysis of Ukraine's socio-economic stabilization policies from the perspective of sustainable development, with a focus on the analysis of the socio-economic and humanitarian consequences of the military invasion, labour market disruptions and increased social vulnerabilities. At the end of the paper, we focused on the directions of socio-economic policy aimed at increasing the quality of life and strengthening social protection. Therefore, the reconstruction of Ukraine needs strategies and policies that could combine long-term strategies to ensure inclusive economic and social security. -
Unlocking potential: Digital competences for rural women entrepreneurship in Romania
Anamaria Beatrice Aldea; Raluca Mihaela Molea; Anamaria Năstasă2024Social sciences; EconomicsIn rural areas, women entrepreneurs play a crucial role in fostering community development, contributing significantly to economic progress and social unity. Nevertheless, within a technology-dominated era, the significance of digital skills is rising, becoming indispensable for success in a swiftly evolving economic environment. Consequently, it is essential to investigate how female entrepreneurs in rural areas are adjusting and improving their digital competences. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the current training requirements and gaps in digital skills and competencies among rural women in Romania. To achieve the intended objective, we conducted a comprehensive analysis involving desk research, statistical data examination, interviews with female entrepreneurs in rural areas, and discussions with entrepreneurship trainers. The findings indicated that Romania is confronted with low levels of digital skills, particularly among individuals with lower education levels and those living in rural areas. This situation also hinders the prospects of women within these demographics from engaging in successful entrepreneurial endeavors. -
Romania’s Consular Role in Combating Human Trafficking: Legal Tools and Strategic Engagement
Lucica Tudoran2025Social Sciences; Social PolicyHuman trafficking remains one of the most serious forms of transnational organized crime and a major violation of fundamental human rights. It is closely linked to persistent social, economic, and gender inequalities that may be intensified during periods of structural transition. Romania continues to face significant challenges as both a country of origin and transit for trafficking in human beings, particularly in the context of labor migration, socio-economic vulnerability, and cross-border mobility. This article examines the role of Romanian diplomatic missions and consular offices in combating trafficking in human beings by evaluating the coherence between the international, European Union, and national legal and policy frameworks governing anti-trafficking action and the operational responsibilities assigned to consular authorities. It analyses how this legal and institutional framework supports consular involvement in prevention, victim identification, assistance, referral, and international cooperation, while identifying opportunities to strengthen Romania's consular response to trafficking in human beings. Methodologically, the research employs a qualitative research design combining document analysis, doctrinal legal research, and policy coherence assessment. The analysis is based on Romanian legislation, European legal instruments, strategic policy documents, institutional reports, and operational guidance issued by national and international organizations. Spain and Hungary are selected as illustrative case studies on the basis of their relevance to Romanian migration patterns and the distinct institutional contexts in which consular engagement takes place.The findings indicate that Romanian consular authorities have evolved beyond their traditional administrative functions and increasingly operate as frontline actors in victim protection and human security governance. However, the effectiveness of consular intervention depends not only on legal mandates but also on specialized training, interinstitutional cooperation, victim-centered procedures, and access to support services in host states. The article contributes to the emerging literature on consular diplomacy by highlighting the strategic role of diplomatic missions within contemporary antitrafficking frameworks -
Investigating the Perceptions and Attitudes of Young People in Europe Regarding Entrepreneurship
Georgiana-Oana Voineag2025Social Sciences; EconomicsThe current dynamic context, driven by technological advancement, makes entrepreneurship a viable solution for creating one’s own job, and also contributing to the economic development of a country. The objective of this research is to investigate young Europeans’ perceptions regarding the perceived barriers and motivations in the decision-making process of becoming entrepreneurs, and to correlate these factors with entrepreneurial intention. To achieve this aim, Multiple Correspondence Analysis, Binomial Logistic Regression, and Classification Trees were applied. The dataset used for the analysis is based on Eurobarometer 513 – Social Entrepreneurship and Youth. After processing it in R Studio, the final dataset consists of 17 variables reflecting demographic aspects, as well as perceived barriers and motivations in the decision to become an entrepreneur. It includes 5,411 respondents from six European countries, selected to highlight cultural and macroeconomic differences. Multiple Correspondence Analysis led to the identification of respondent profiles, while Binomial Logistic Regression and Classification Trees confirmed the existence of the same factors explaining entrepreneurial intention. -
From Recovery to Maturity: Mapping the Digital Labour Market in the European Union
Ana Maria Sora; Mădălina Ecaterina Popescu2025Social Sciences; EconomicsDigitalization has recently reshaped the labour market landscape worldwide, by enhancing the need for digitally skilled workers, by increasing productivity, and by creating new opportunities. In the Digital Agenda context, this paper examines the evolving relationship between digitalization and labour market performance across the European Union, contrasting the pre-pandemic recovery period of 2019 with the more mature period of 2024. Based on a cluster analysis on Eurostat data we investigate patterns and map the EU countries from a labour market and digitalization perspective, using the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), employment rate, e-commerce sales, Gini index, inability to face expenses, labour cost index and GDP per capita. The paper reveals the fact that the COVID-19 pandemics led to a rapid growth and the immediate necessity to implement new digital strategies and work environments, having to rapidly and successfully adjust to the newly-created conditions. The cluster analysis identifies a tripartite hierarchy: (1) Laggard Economies struggling with low digital adoption and high social exclusion; (2) Transitioning Adopters showing moderate technological integration; and (3) Digital Sovereigns characterized by high-maturity digital skills and robust labour market outcomes. The comparison highlights that while the pandemic accelerated digital uptake, it also intensified the "digital divide" between these clusters. As main contribution in the field, the results suggest that EU policy must shift from general digital investment to cluster-specific interventions to ensure social convergence by 2030. -
Family Background and Economic Outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe: A Comparative Analysis
Maria Berta Belu; Maria Denisa Vasilescu2025Social Sciences; EconomicsThe concept of inequality of opportunity remains a debated and researched topic, occupying a central place in international public policies developed by governments and organisations. The importance of studying this kind of inequality lies in how familial and social backgrounds can impact one’s outcomes throughout life. The present study examines inequalities of opportunity from a microeconomic perspective across 12 Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, Czechia, Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia. The analysis is based on data from the fourth edition of the Life in Transition Survey database, conducted in 2022-2023. The primary results show a rather high employment rate of respondents across the selected countries, but differences in salary outcomes when associated with characteristics such as gender, residence, age, education, and family background. Generally, respondents with higher education and more advantaged family environments are more frequently found in the upper salary quintiles, whereas those with lower educational attainment or fewer books in childhood are more often found in the lower income categories. Romania tends to follow these regional patterns, though with some specific features. These findings may contribute to a better understanding and monitoring of inequalities of opportunity, providing useful insights for policy development. -
Radio Theatre: Theatrical Genre or Hybrid Species?
Ioana SOREANU01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.14a discussion on radio drama viewed as a hybrid specieRadio theatre emerged at the beggining of the 20th century, during a time in which classical theatre was undergoing a series of changes, people were experimenting with it, and new trends appeared – such as symbolism, expressionism, and avant-gardism. The theatre play was adopted and adapted by the audio media, with the goal of educating and providing entertainment, in the sense of spending time in a pleasant way. Taking into consideration that radio theatre combines elements from several different arts and means of expression – which it adapts according to the specificities of the audio medium – can one conclude that it is a theatrical genre, or is it rather a hybrid species, somewhere between theatre in its purest form and a narrative exercise of sound? The arguments which support the idea that radio theatre is a theatrical genre are related to the common points between radio theatre and classical theatre: both start from a text, preserve the dramatic structure, directors and actors take part in their creation, and both offer the audience an aesthetic theatrical experience. However, in radio, the stage dimension and physical presence of actors are missing. Moreover, audio media cannot exist in the absence of technology. In accordance with the arguments presented in the following comparative analysis, the answer is affirmative. -
Using Dramatherapy to Prevent Student Burnout: Insights and Practical Approaches
Inga MARCU01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.13an analysis of student bornout phenomena and dramatherapyStudent burnout has become increasingly common in the contemporary academic environment, fueled by performance pressures, overexertion, academic anxiety, and limited strategies for emotional self-regulation. In this context, dramatherapy emerges as an innovative pedagogical method, capable of offering students a safe space for exploring emotions, developing resilience and strengthening professional identity. The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of dramatherapy, its action mechanisms in preventing burnout, and the concrete ways in which it can be integrated into university programs. Examples of dramatic exercises, intervention models and benefits observed among students are presented. The study proposes an interdisciplinary approach, situating dramatherapy at the intersection of pedagogy, psychology and the performing arts, and argues for the need to include it in modern academic training. -
The Same, Always Different. A Look Towards the Adaptation and Translation Phenomena of the Contemporary Stage Productions
Ileana URSU01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.12This paper aims to direct the reader's attention to the phenomenon of adaptation and translation, indisputably present among contemporary theatrical productions.This paper aims to direct the reader's attention to the phenomenon of adaptation and translation, indisputably present among contemporary theatrical productions. The innovation of the rewrites of canonical works is one of the directions towards which the worldwide theatrical phenomenon of recent years has been directed. The justified questions that may arise when researching such performances could be: is the adaptation/translation of a work inferior to the one from which it was inspired, or does it transcend it as value? Do we still need the old canonical stories, are they still relevant to today's societies? Why and how do we revisit the works of other epochs and make them talk about the world now? What can such creation offer the public and how much does the evolution of stage art depend on the response received from the receivers of the artistic act? -
Live Dissection - A Theatrical Perspective Inspired By The Work Of Aureliu Manea
Lorette ENACHE01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.11an analysis of Aureliu Manea theatre director works and memoiresFor a performance to encompass an entire universe in a single gesture, it requires a meticulous dissection of all the elements—real and imaginary—that made the birth and existence of that gesture possible. Dance is the movement of the inner world, but also the movement of the surrounding air. The theater is the place where living bodies shed untruth, and the word becomes mere confession. The spectators’ gazes are varied, like the gazes of the seven witnesses in Rembrandt’s Anatomy Lesson. We intuit a few, and we sense the many, from the stage, diluted into the single gaze of the entire hall. “To witness an experiment is to enter into secret formulas, into that poetics of new reactions, of new communication in which the formula is tested in its vitality.”1 - these timeless words, belonging to director Aureliu Manea, a genius of Romanian theater, guide me even today in my first attempt to create, and in the second, even harder one, to inspire young choreographers to move their hearts and minds, and ultimately, their bodies will follow. Then, in the very end, on the night of the performance, hearts, minds, and bodies will vibrate only if the Living perform on stage. -
The Myth of Ovid in Romanian Dramaturgy: Expression of the Dobrogean Space and Spirit
Clara GHIUVELICHIAN01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.10The paper analyzes the presence of Dobrogean motifs in Romanian dramaturgy, focusing particularly on the figure of the poet Ovid, exiled to Tomis.The paper analyzes the presence of Dobrogean motifs in Romanian dramaturgy, focusing particularly on the figure of the poet Ovid, exiled to Tomis. Dobrogea is presented as a space rich in history, myth, and legend, where the ancient past intertwines with the collective imagination. The Ovidian motif becomes an important thematic core, explored by playwrights such as Vasile Alecsandri and Nicolae Iorga, each offering their own interpretation of the poet’s destiny. The analysis highlights the transformation of Ovid from a historical figure into a symbol of suffering, longing, and artistic creation. In these works, exile appears not merely as punishment, but as a profound experience that leads to a spiritual connection with the Dobrogean space and its local communities. The study also addresses dramatic conflicts, character construction, and the poetic dimension of the texts. The paper emphasizes the dynamic and evolving nature of this motif, also present in more modern works, such as those of Grigore Sălceanu. In conclusion, the myth of Ovid significantly contributes to shaping the cultural identity of Dobrogea and to expressing universal themes such as identity, freedom, and the condition of the artist. -
The Convergence of Past and Present in the Art of Acting Classes Reconsidering the Necessity of Pedagogical Models
Andrei VIZITIU01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.09The present article restores to pedagogical attention the urgent and pressing imperative to acquaint students with genuine cultural models, with the aim of awakening within them a love for the theatrical universe and, more broadly, for the wider sphere of culture.The present article restores to pedagogical attention the urgent and pressing imperative to acquaint students with genuine cultural models, with the aim of awakening within them a love for the theatrical universe and, more broadly, for the wider sphere of culture. Relevant pedagogical models and landmarks will foster a meaningful articulation of past and present. The rigorous structures that underpin acting courses are an essential component of the student's developmental trajectory. The teacher does not hasten the didactic process, each successive step carries formative significance, allowing the student's engagement with the text to assume a symbiotic character. Improvisational practices, the cultivation of awareness in relation to surrounding realities, muscular relaxation, the acceptance of one's scene partner, the development of rhythms, the need for cultural inquiry, the necessity of understanding the past in order to master the present, the act of relating oneself to significant artistic and pedagogical models of the past, as well as the acceptance of these values, all of these constitute essential stages in the artistic evolution of students. The need for the text should arise organically, following sustained and assiduous labour directed toward the knowledge of one's own inner world. Through such an approach, the student is spared disorientation but will instead undergo a natural process of development. Against the backdrop of recent publishing developments, the distinguished actor and pedagogue Octavian Cotescu, alongside the exceptional American film actor Al Pacino, once again comes to the fore as an essential model within the cultural panoply of the younger generation of aspiring actors pursuing their studies at specialised universities. The great Romanian actor and exceptional professor is extolled for his devotion and pedagogical virtues in a volume published within specialist literature, authored by his former student, the late actor of the Bulandra Theatre, Răzvan Ionescu. Al Pacino's memoir moves beyond the confines of literary expression alone, emerging as a genuine pedagogical tool within the field of acting. -
Choreography in Operetta Performances. Case Study: The Couplets “How Can One Live Without Love” From the Operetta Die Csárdásfürstin (Silvia or the Csárdás Princess), Act I, Scene 3, By Emmerich Kálmán
Anca IORGA01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.08an analyzis on the choreographic moment constructed on the basis of a French cancan performed by Count Boni Cancianu and the dancers of the Orfeum Cabaret in Budapest, which appears in Act I of the operetta Silvia.Die Csárdásfürstin (Silvia or The Csárdás Princess) is the most famous composition by Emmerich Kálmán. This work remains one of the most frequently staged operettas worldwide due to its charming music and romantic storyline, which combines the exoticism of the Hungarian csárdás with the brilliance of Viennese society. The present study analyzes the choreographic moment constructed on the basis of a French cancan performed by Count Boni Cancianu and the dancers of the Orfeum Cabaret in Budapest, which appears in Act I of the operetta Silvia. According to the libretto, this scene represents the count’s farewell moment before departing on a long tour to New York together with the operetta’s main character, Silvia Verescu. The research methods employed consist of analyzing the stage behavior of the performer, the baritone Cătălin Petrescu, through direct observation of video recordings, focusing on his interaction with the cabaret dance ensemble (the ballet ensemble of the Ion Dacian Operetta and Musical Theatre in Bucharest), his relationship with the stage set, and the way Boni Cancianu relates to the audience. Hypothesis: In order to perform a choreographic moment within an operetta performance, the performer requires, in addition to outstanding vocal qualities and interpretative skills, motor abilities related to the learning of dance techniques. The couplet How Can One Live Without Love from the operetta Silvia, expressed through movement in the form of a French cancan, is not merely a spectacular dance moment but also a key atmospheric element that includes character development and the social conflict present in the libretto. The cancan defines the cabaret world, marks the beginning of the love story between Silvia and Edwin, and contributes significantly to the stylistic charm of the operetta. It can therefore be stated that Silvia is an operetta full of vitality, humor, dances, and melodies inspired primarily by Hungarian music (with the csárdás predominating), while also including lyrical moments of great sensitivity. For this reason, it offers performers roles of considerable artistic value. In operetta performance, dance and gesture are not mere additions but integral components of the performers’ expressive language, without which the charm of operetta would be lost. -
Spectacular Dilemmas in Caragiale’s Works and Their Reflections on Stage and in Translation
Ana-Magdalena PETRARU01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.07a analysis of some of the performances and their dilemmas, focusing on the most recent staging of D’ale carnavalului/ Carnival Doings at the National Theatre of IașiThis paper aims at paying homage to Romania’s great classic by bringing into play the spectacular dilemmas in international translations (into English and French, our languages of work) and of his prominent characters in theatre, in general (the tipsy citizen, the cuckold at carnival, a matter of betrayal). From a theatrical point of view, we will discuss some of the performances and their dilemmas, focusing on the most recent staging of D’ale carnavalului/ Carnival Doings at the National Theatre of Iași. From the perspective of Translation Studies as discipline, we are interested in the relationship between the author, his work and translation, literally and in all senses as the great translator and theorist Irina Mavrodin put it; this is because specialty literature on I.L. Caragiale spoke of the invention of another language in order to render his works appropriately in different languages for other cultures. -
The Power of Discretion – The Figure Actor
Otilia HUZUM01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.06The central theme of the present study brings to the fore the figuration actor, seen not as the one who carries the tray or as a decorative presence within the theatrical; performance, but, on the contrary, as a necessity.The central theme of the present study brings to the fore the figuration actor, seen not as the one who carries the tray or as a decorative presence within the theatrical performance, but, on the contrary, as a necessity, because, in essence, it is a stage presence with a role in supporting the stage atmosphere only through gestures and attitudes, and sometimes through short but significant lines. But theater also presupposes the emergence of a collective figuration, nothing more than a complex instrument, sometimes discreet, sometimes central, but always controlled in detail to serve the meaning of the ongoing performance. Therefore, the figuration actor, whether he evolves individually or is a component of a group, becomes an integral part of the direction, because he gives scope to the production through fluidity and expressiveness. In support of the comments and descriptions that refer to the characteristics and purpose of the figuration actor, I presented two experiences from my own artistic activity. The arguments demonstrate that alongside the main and secondary characters, there is a world of discreet, but at the same time absolutely indispensable, creative presences or entities to the theatrical performance. -
Dilemma and Theatre
Radu TEAMPĂU01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.05the present paper analyzes the concept of dilemma from several perspectives, including; Sophocle’s and William Shakespeare’s perspectives in Antigone and HamletStarting from the way in which director Andrei Șerban works closely with the actor, during rehearsals, taking him out of his often superficial dilemmatic states, the present paper analyzes the concept of dilemma from several perspectives, including Sophocle’s and William Shakespeare’s perspectives in Antigone and Hamlet. The dilemma, if it is seen as a vague concept, carrying vague meanings, can easily mislead the one who experiences it, especially in the theatre. But the dilemma as justified reasoning can only be understood as a clarification of what seems to be uncertain. Discerning what needs to be done when balancing utility and morality defines dilemma as a tool for establishing the limits within which an action can take place. Thus dilemma understood as a dramatic state seems to be proper to theatricality. At the same time, the paper focuses on the analysis of the moral dilemma through the juxtaposition of utilitarian and moral paradigms. -
Identity and Representation in Pakistani Theatre: Khawaja Sira and the Dynamics of Cultural Discourses
Sorin-Dan BOLDEA; Raeem FAROOQ; Alexandru-Octavian CĂLINA01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.04This article examines how the identity of the Khawaja Sira trans; community is constructed and represented in Pakistani theatre, in relation to the contemporary; social, cultural, and legal contextThis article examines how the identity of the Khawaja Sira trans community is constructed and represented in Pakistani theatre, in relation to the contemporary social, cultural, and legal context. Starting from the historical status of this community, often associated with the idea of a “third gender,” the study highlights the persistent tension between formal recognition and social marginalization. In this framework, artistic representation becomes a crucial space for negotiating identity. The analysis considers both representations in film, such as the case of Joyland, and contemporary theatrical practices, ranging from the commercial circuit of stage shows and mujra to theatre initiatives that allow the community self-representation. Drawing on the concepts of representation and performativity, the article investigates the extent to which theatre functions as a space of resistance or, conversely, as a mechanism for reproducing stereotypes. The findings suggest that theatre offers a privileged framework for expression and visibility, yet remains marked by structural ambivalence, where identity can be simultaneously affirmed and transformed into spectacle. -
On the Limits of the Actor’s Craft
Diana COZMA01.05.202610.35218/tco.2026.16.1.03a debate on the issues of the actor who experiences dilemmas marked by several questions about the limits of his own craftThe present work aims at discussing the problematics of the actor who, throughout his career, experiences dilemmas marked by several questions about the limits of his own craft. In this regard, two of the three major choices that an actor can make at the beginning or along his professional path are analyzed, choices that leave their definitive mark on his work and that lead us to ask ourselves, again, who/what an actor is. William Shakespeare and Richard Burbage, Samuel Beckett and Billie Whitelaw, Jerzy Grotowski and Ryszard Cieślak tell us about the colossal work of the actor, who for the encounter with characters such as Hamlet, Winnie, Don Fernando, enters a process of (re)discovery of his own being, of investigating his own self. Moreover, Jerzy Grotowski, in his work with the actor, experimented with techniques of deconditioning, techniques of probing the unconscious, techniques of control, because, in his vision, the actor, through the character, goes through a process of knowledge and self-becoming. Due to the strong influence exerted by Jerzy Grotowski on the way of making theatre, today, in the third millennium, we can talk about numerous actors who devote time to research, treat their craft as a lifetime study.
ISSN print: ISSN 2601 - 257X
ISSN online: ISSN-L 2601 - 257X
Editura: Institutul Național de Cercetare Științifică în domeniul Muncii și Protecției Sociale /
National Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection (INCSMPS)
Copyright ©2026, All rights reserved
A project developed by Enformation
Romania’s Consular Role in Combating Human Trafficking: Legal Tools and Strategic Engagement
Investigating the Perceptions and Attitudes of Young People in Europe Regarding Entrepreneurship
From Recovery to Maturity: Mapping the Digital Labour Market in the European Union
Family Background and Economic Outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe: A Comparative Analysis