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TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION AS DRIVERS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT: A CONCEPTUAL AND LITERATURE-BASED APPROACH
Mirona Ana Maria ICHIMOV; Corina-Ionela DUMITRESCU; Nicoleta NICULESCU; Iuliana GRECU; Adelina - Elena BADESCU2025This paper explores the fundamental aspects of technology and innovation in entrepreneurship, highlighting their essential role in business development and success. The study begins with a synthesis of relevant literature, providing a solid theoretical framework on the interdependence between technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship. It analyses how technology and innovation support entrepreneurs by enhancing competitiveness, adaptability, and sustainable value creation. The chapter on technological entrepreneurship emphasises the characteristics and strategies of entrepreneurs leveraging emerging technologies to develop innovative products and services. Innovation is discussed as a key factor for entrepreneurial success, highlighting the benefits of effective innovation strategies as well as potential risks or drawbacks. Different types of innovation are analysed in terms of their impact on decision-making processes and organisational performance. Finally, the paper examines the further expansion of technological entrepreneurship and innovation, focusing on emerging trends and the role of innovative strategies in helping companies adapt to rapid changes in economic and technological environments. -
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TIGHT MONETARY POLICIES IN REDUCING OVERALL INFLATION
Marinela BARBULESCU; Raquel Mercedes GARCIA REVILLA; Bogdan BUDICA2025The rise in global inflation during the post-pandemic period has led to a significant shift in monetary policy orientation, marked by a rapid transition from accommodative measures to restrictive policies. This article analyzes the effectiveness of these policies in reducing inflation, using a qualitative and comparative approach based on secondary data. The analysis focuses on the major developed economies and the strategies adopted by the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, and the Bank of England. The results highlight a significant correlation between the tightening of monetary conditions and the reduction of inflation during the 2022–2024 period, but also underscore the limitations of these policies in the face of supply shocks. The study shows that the effectiveness of restrictive monetary policies depends on the nature of inflation and the structural characteristics of the economies. The findings suggest that monetary policy remains an essential tool, but is insufficient in the absence of complementary policies. -
RESEARCH ON DIGITAL DIVIDE AND EDUCATIONAL EQUITY: A BIBLIOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE
Corina - Ionela DUMITRESCU; Nicoleta NICULESCU; Iuliana GRECU; Mirona Ana Maria ICHIMOV; Adelina - Elena BADESCU2025Schools today face practical dilemmas: how to integrate technology in an inclusive way, how to prepare teachers to overcome digital divides, and how to ensure that innovations serve all students, rather than a privileged minority. Using bibliometric research, an analysis of the scientific research that debates this topic is carried out. The results of this research are not only academic, but also action-oriented, providing guidance and proposals for educational institutions, decision-makers and practitioners. By correlating bibliometric evidence with thematic comparisons, the study identifies concrete areas where digital interventions can reduce inequalities in classrooms, curricula, and teacher professional development. -
NUDGE THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION IN PUBLIC ECONOMIC POLICIES: A BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE
Alina HAGIU2025This article analyzes the nudge theory as a tool of behavioral economics applied in public economic policies. Going beyond the traditional assumption of perfectly rational agents, the study highlights how behavioral economics perspectives contribute to a more realistic understanding of individual decision-making in public policy contexts. The analysis focuses on the theoretical foundations of nudging, the main behavioral mechanisms used in public interventions, and documented applications in areas such as tax compliance, energy consumption, saving, and public service provision. The paper uses a qualitative approach, based on an analysis of the literature and institutional reports, assessing both the potential benefits and limitations of using nudging in public economic policies. We paid particular attention to the ethical implications regarding individual autonomy, the transparency of interventions, and democratic legitimacy, as well as the context-dependent nature of behavioral interventions. We also discuss the relevance of nudging within the European Union and explore the possibilities for its application in Romania, emphasizing the importance of institutional capacity and the level of public trust. Our results suggest that nudging can contribute to increasing the effectiveness of public economic policies when used as a complementary tool to traditional policies. However, it should not be considered a substitute for structural reforms and requires careful implementation, characterized by clear objectives, transparency, and continuous evaluation. -
EDUCATION IN ROMANIA TODAY: BETWEEN REFORM PROMISES AND SYSTEMIC STRUGGLES
Corina-Ionela DUMITRESCU; Nicoleta NICULESCU; Iuliana GRECU; Mirona Ana Maria ICHIMOV; Adelina - Elena BADESCU2025This paper examines the current state of the Romanian education system, focusing on the discrepancy between reform promises and systemic struggles. Using a combination of literature review and qualitative interviews with teachers, on management positions or not, the study highlights persistent challenges such as underfunding, teacher shortages, outdated curricula, rural-urban inequalities, and administrative burdens. The findings indicate that while reforms are frequently announced, their implementation is inconsistent and often disconnected from classroom realities. The paper concludes with recommendations aimed at bridging the gap between policy intentions and educational practice, with an emphasis on sustainable funding, teacher development, digital inclusion, and targeted support for vulnerable students. -
THE MONETARY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK AND INFLATION TRENDS IN THE EURO AREA
Raquel Mercedes GARCÍA REVILLA; Marinela BARBULESCU2025This article analyzes the monetary policy of the European Central Bank and inflation trends in the euro area between 2019 and 2024, using official statistical data provided by Eurostat and the standard HICP indicator. The study tracks the dynamics of total inflation, its component structure, and the differences between total and core inflation in the context of major economic shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy crisis of 2022. The analysis highlights the transition from a low inflation regime in the pre-pandemic period to a severe inflationary episode in 2021–2022, followed by a gradual disinflation process in 2023–2024. The results show that, although headline inflation returned to levels close to the ECB’s price stability objective in 2024, its composition indicates persistent domestic pressures, particularly in the services sector. The article highlights the importance of structural analysis of inflation for the calibration of monetary policy and the relevance of using a mix of monetary instruments in a monetary union characterized by economic heterogeneity. -
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CYBER RESILIENCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR. A NEW ERA IN RISK MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL PROTECTION
Corina-Ionela DUMITRESCU; Adelina - Elena BADESCU; Iuliana GRECU; Nicoleta NICULESCU2025Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a crucial component in enhancing cyber resilience within the European banking sector. The rapid digital transformation has brought about significant cyber risks, necessitating advanced solutions for data protection, business continuity, and maintaining customer trust. AI plays a vital role in real-time anomaly detection, risk anticipation, and automated incident response, thereby optimizing threat defence and financial risk management through predictive analytics. Despite its benefits, AI's integration poses challenges related to data protection and ethical decision-making, requiring strict compliance with European and international legislation such as GDPR, NIS2 Directive, Basel III regulations, and the AI Regulation. This study offers a descriptive analysis and examines AI's impact on cyber resilience, highlighting its technological advantages and legal implications in the banking sector. Innovative models for AI implementation are explored to develop effective security and financial risk management mechanisms, emphasizing the need for proactive threat detection, operational efficiency, and adaptability to evolving cyber threats. -
TECHNOLOGIES IN RETAIL - WITH A FOCUS ON CHATBOTS. A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Miriam TIUTIU; Luiza SOUCA2025This paper aims to carry out a bibliometric mapping and review of technology's importance in the retail industry, especially chatbots. This study delves into the characteristics of the articles published between 2019 and 2024 on artificial intelligence, chatbots, and retail. Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, we aim to uncover the trends in scientific literature. We used VOSviewer software for bibliometric analysis. We used search terms associated with retail chatbots and retail technologies. Based on the specialized literature review, the paper also presents possible future research directions, highlighting the opportunities for scientific exploitation of this research topic. -
SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS PRACTICES IN ROMANIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Iuliana GRECU; Corina-Ionela DUMITRESCU; Nicoleta NICULESCU; Alexandra-Ioana DINU2025Business sustainability has become a key topic in organizational growth literature, gaining more importance as environmental changes have accelerated over the past decade. With the shifts in the global economy that allowed many companies to develop, sustainable development has become crucial. It helps companies voluntarily integrate social and environmental concerns into their operations, while also engaging with stakeholders and realizing the long-term benefits it brings to the business. This paper also explores business sustainability from the perspective of two multinational companies in Romania, as this concept is still relatively new in the market, but increasingly relevant in today’s world. Given its growing significance, this research focuses on business sustainability, offering a deeper understanding of the process—from theory to the challenges, risks involved, and tools. -
DUAL UNIVERISTY EDUCATION (I) - GENERAL ISSUED
Amelia GHEOCULESCUDecember 2023Dual university education is a form of education that combines theory and practice in a closer way. Students learn both at university and at work, alternating between periods of theoretical and practical study. This system provides students with the opportunity to develop their practical skills while continuing their academic studies. It's a great way to get hands-on experience in the field they want to work in, preparing them for the labour market. -
THE CONCEPT OF LIFELONG LEARNING IN THE LIGHT OF LAW NO. 199/2023 ON HIGHER EDUCATION (I)
Andreea DRĂGHICIDecember 2023The newly adopted Law 199/2023 on higher education, emphasize the notion of lifelong learning, giving it special regulation in Title II, title that regulates the general and integrative framework of lifelong learning programs organized at the leve lof higher education. The legislator’s intention to adress this concept in detail demonstrates the particularly important role that lifelong learning has on both the individual and society. -
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE LIGHT OF LAW NO. 199/2023 ON HIGHER EDUCATION (I)
Daniela IANCUDecember 2023Foundation of individual development and, also, of society’s as a whole, education represented and represents a major concern both at European and national level. The realization and further development of the European space of education represents the general political objective of the new strategic framework for European cooperation in the field of education and training at the level of the European Union. In the National Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Romania 2030, among the objectives for sustainable development is the guarantee of the quality in education, the access and the participation in education base don quality being considered essential for the proper functioning of a sustainable society. Ensuring the quality of higher education, through a series of processes carried out for the purpose of its permanent improvement, contributes to the formation of the trust of the beneficiaries in the educational institution’s ability of to offer education services in accordance with quality standards. -
IS YOUR WORK ORIGINAL?
Andreea TABACUDecember 2023The idea of the originality of the work prepared in the university environment, whether by the teaching and research staff or by the student, master’s, or doctoral student, is essential for achieving the goal pursued by higher education institutions. However, the notion is not defined, and its concrete verification causes controversies. The technical means available to the universities cannot correctly rule on this condition if the result is not superimposed on human analysis. -
THE ERROR CAUSING UNACCOUNTABILITY
Cătălin Ionuț BUCURDecember 2023According to Art 30 of the Criminal Code, an act provided for by the criminal law and committed by a person who, at the time of its commission, was unaware of the existence of a state, situation or circumstances on which the criminal nature of the act depends does not constitute an offence. Although it is not accepted everywhere, in some branches of law, such as the criminal law, being even sanctioned in some cases, error is an absolutely natural phenomenon that simply happens, independently of our will. -
TECHNIQUE OF PREPARATION OF NORMATIVE ACTS
Mariana-Alina ZISU; Andreea CORSEIDecember 2023It is legal norms that play a crucial role as far as social participants are concerned, maintaining order, stability and balance. By defining what is legal or illegal, the law acts as a factor that discourages behavior or activities that would fall within the scope of the illicit, providing the social protection to which citizens are entitled. In this sense, the great philosophers of the world have explained the process by which rudimentary human communions were transformed into today's modern societies by means of legal norms. Called in the literature as the "theory of contractualism", Jean-Jaques Rousseau explained that in order to reach a social balance in a society, it is necessary to have rules for the participants in social life to respect, giving in exchange a part of the freedom absolute with which they were born. "In this way, a "social contract" is born between individuals, who through free will renounce to manifest themselves freely in an arbitrary manner, accepting a series of rules of social coexistence, which the group imposes on the individual in the form of laws." This was an initiating and explanatory point for the emergence of legal norms, because through the definition of the social contract, the citizens tacitly accepted and recognized the principles established and established as law. "Precisely this contract and the accession of all citizens guarantees the legitimacy of the laws, and their imperative character, being the force of law that must replace the law of force (Sandu, 2023, p. 8). -
POLITICISATION OF PUBLIC LAW – BRIEF CONSIDERATIONS
Marius VĂCĂRELUDecember 2023Most of the time, the idea of politicization of the public function, public administration and public law are described either from the perspective of complete objectivity, or from that of practical situations. The fact that the political power wants its vision to be applied uniformly at the scale of a country is something normal, understood by all discerning adults. But it is not acceptable by the same adults, because history and life have provided numerous examples through which it has been observed that too much political influence brings more negative results than those produced by a competent and neutral administration. The political vision is impossible to eliminate from a state, because major decisions are ultimately political decisions, adopted by political leaders. However, states are not immovable entities, in which social systems function according to mathematical equations, and from here several phenomena appear, among which that of citizens' loyalty to their own state. Thus, an analysis – even introductory – of the relationship between the political environment, the legal framework of a country and the loyalty of citizens is necessary, in order to be able to offer arguments in the direction of limiting the discretion and even the arbitrariness that the political environment can manifest. -
INTERNATIONAL CONSOLIDATION OF THE PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION SYSTEM
Alejandro RODRIGUEZ ROCADecember 2023This paper studies the development process of the personal data protection system that deepens its roots in privacy rights and extends its scope towards the free development of personality. All this from a global and historical evolutionary perspective with the intention of contributing to a solution to the problem of mass processing of personal information that affects the extension and limits of other fundamental rights. -
RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN APPLICATION OF COERCIVE MEASURES IN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS
Elena MORARUDecember 2023The problem of criminal procedural coercion can be viewed from several points of view, which touches the most diverse aspects of regulating the behavior of subjects in the criminal process. Criminal procedural coercion penetrates not only into the sphere of legal relations, rights and personal interests guaranteed by the state through the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, but also into the sphere of psychological and ethical relations. -
STRENGTHENING THE STARTUP ECOSYSTEM TO DEVELOP AN INNOVATIVE ECONOMY IN GEORGIA
Irina BENIA; Tamara SAJAIADecember 2023Startups provide an opportunity to create a product that society needs. Innovation requires ideas based on everyday life. The development of innovation requires conditions that are usually combined into a startup ecosystem, an environment in which seemingly simple ideas are transformed into innovative startups, and then transformed into a business. Startups are realized ideas created with the goal of producing products that consumers need. Risky ideas, if successful, can become businesses that generate significant income. Each of us knows startups such as Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, Google very well. Founders, now already angel investors, once took the risk to create them, now they are successful ideas that turned into giants. -
JUSTICE AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
The countries that have achieved the greatest material prosperity are those that have enjoyed freedom of initiative, freedom of association, freedom of labor, and freedom to use and trade acquired property. Economic freedom is an inseparable part of individual freedom, together with political freedom and civil liberty. It is true that the free initiative of individuals is the first key to progress, but institutions cannot be absent. Institutions are important because we need rules to regulate, for the benefit of all, the activity of individuals and companies, and an authority to enforce them. -
THE NEED TO INTEGRATE ETHICAL VALUES IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE MAGISTRATE
Florina MITROFANDecember 2023In a democratic society, it is essential that the courts, in exercising their jurisdictional powers, enjoy independence. One of the guarantees of the rule of law is the independence of judges and of the judiciary as a whole. For the proper functioning of a society governed by the rule of law, cases must be decided independently of any influence. -
ETHICS, TECHNOLOGY AND RIGHTS: CHALLENGES TO JUSTICIABILITY IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT
Ruben Miranda GONCALVESDecember 2023Ethics, artificial intelligence and human rights are undoubtedly three interconnected concepts that present challenges in today's times. Through artificial intelligence, the way we live and work is being transformed, but it is not far from important ethical and/or legal dilemmas. Ethics is very relevant in artificial intelligence as the technology can be used for good or bad, so it is necessary to ensure that it is used responsibly. The same goes for human rights, as they must be respected in any context, including in artificial intelligence, as it can be used to monitor people, collect data, etc., which can and do have a high impact on human rights. -
THE FULL EXERCISE OF INDIVIDUAL IMMIGRANT AUTONOMY FOR A BETTER DEFENCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
David Enrique PEREZ GOLZALESDecember 2023This paper analyses how human rights serve as a basis so that the complex phenomenon of immigration, which has been affecting our societies for some time now, can unfold its full potential, in accordance with the higher values on which they are based. In this sense, he highlights the figure of the free development of the personality as an operative means of the new phenomenon of immigration and its repercussions as a limit to individual autonomy. In a study of this type, the analysis of the figure of legal paternalism as opposed to the free development of the personality must be reinforced, with special incidence in matters of foreigners, more specifically, in the figure of the immigrant, which leads us to focus the study of this figure on the phenomenon of immigration for various reasons. Of course, the social and political uproar that this issue is causing is not surprising. Apart from being an issue that affects various aspects, immigration must be analysed in all the facets in which it has repercussions, such as not only the limitation it implies for the free development of the personality of an individual who decides to move to a place other than that of his nationality as a way to freely develop his personality, but also as a social, legal, economic and cultural fact, which gives rise to population problems of discrimination, integration and xenophobia, and many other aspects that have repercussions on essential aspects of the human being. -
THE RELATIVITY OF THE IDEA OF CONSISTENCY OF LEGAL SYSTEMS
Laura MARTIN MIRAUTDecember 2023The principles of unity, coherence and completeness represent the traditional idea of a legal system. The principle of coherence presents practical difficulties, because the criteria for resolving normative antinomies do not always offer an unambiguous solution. The problem goes deeper. These criteria, far from being inherent to legal reality, are relative and circumstantial. Its acceptance as a way of solving antinomies hides the real representation of the legal norm as the attribution of meaning to normative provisions. It also hides the real representation of the idea of the legal system as an expression of the dominant legal culture. -
TECHNOLOGY AND THE RULE OF LAW
Progress in science and technology is essential for overcoming global challenges. Legal issues arise in a variety of ways. Under constitutional law, it is important to assume that the State has an obligation to promote the development of technology, but also to protect against its dangers. This obligation arises from various points of view, in particular from the State's obligation to protect the values enshrined in fundamental rights and also to ensure the development of society. This a particular concern of the principle of the social State or, in some constitutions, the idea of fundamental social rights. However, the principle of the rule of law and its individual elements are also essential for the legal assessment of technology. The aspects of the certainty of the law are of great relevance, as is the requirement that important technological decisions are not made by the administration, but only by the legislator, and also that detailed questions are decided by the administration, but on the basis of certain authorizations by parliament or, in some systems, on the basis of the autonomous normative power of the executive. Prognosis decisions are also important, as the development of technological facilities is dynamic and not all future effects can be foreseen in the present.
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