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Proprioceptive training in women's artistic gymnastics
Corina MOROȘAN; Marius STOICA30 March 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.1.4Sport performance Artistic gymnasticsWomen’s artistic gymnastics is a sports discipline that places special emphasis on precision, strength and flexibility. One of the essential skills developed in this branch is balance, which is influenced by inputs from visual, vestibular and proprioceptive systems. Proprioception is the ability to perceive and control one’s own body position in space, independently of sight. This sense is crucial in artistic gymnastics, as female athletes perform complex movements such as jumps, pirouettes and acrobatics, where coordination and body awareness are indispensable to maintain correct posture and prevent injury. Proprioceptive training helps develop joint and muscle sensitivity, allowing athletes to quickly adjust their movements and remain stable during the exercise. Balance is another vital component in women’s artistic gymnastics. It involves the ability to maintain a stable and controlled position in various postures, for example, on the beam or during jumps. Balance development is important to meet the technical requirements of competitions because a small loss of stability can lead to significant penalties. The present study was conducted with a group of senior female gymnasts, and its purpose was to show that proprioceptive training on unstable surfaces could improve the dynamic balance of athletes. To demonstrate this, we used data collected by means of force plates that recorded the displacements of the center of pressure (COP) when the tested athletes performed different movements. -
Psychomotor and cognitive abilities in U14 football players: a comparative analysis across playing positions
Sebastian Iulian VICOL; Silvia TEODORESCU; Remus ROȘCA; Radu PREDOIU8 March 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.1.3Sport performance FootballDepending on the football players’ position on the field, athletes must meet specific requirements. Football players occupying different positions exhibit variations in the speed of their decision-making processes. The current study examines the psychomotor and cognitive abilities of U14 football players, focusing on the differences between playing positions (defenders, midfielders, forwards). The participants were 34 players, 17 for each team - Sport Team Academy (Series I) and Pro Team Academy (Series III), with positions distributed as goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards. The PsiSelteva test battery was used to assess key psychomotor and cognitive abilities, including reaction times, perceptual-motor efficiency, and working memory. Moreover, two mental operations were addressed, namely the mental identification operation and the mental selection operation, providing additional insight into the players’ cognitive efficiency. Testing conditions were standardized, and players were assessed individually. The results revealed significant differences between playing positions, with midfielders demonstrating superior performance in most psychomotor and cognitive indicators. Defenders showed strengths in tasks involving discrimination reaction time, while forwards registered a faster selection time – the time needed to select the appropriate motor response/ action, from multiple possibilities. The findings highlight the importance of adapting training to position-specific demands, contributing to the development of personalized approaches that optimize players’ strengths and effectively address their weaknesses. -
Reliability and educational quality of TikTok videos as information sources on sports nutrition
Ameur CHAFA; Mahdi MOHAMMEDI; Ramzi DJAABA8 March 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.1.2NutritionSocial media platforms like TikTok have emerged as prevalent sources for consuming and disseminating healthcare information. Due to the lack of scientific oversight, the reliability and consistency of health-related videos have become a focal point in recent literature. This study aims to assess the educational quality and reliability of TikTok videos on sports nutrition. A descriptive research design was employed as it is deemed the most appropriate methodology to collect information on the study variables and explore the scientific perspectives related to this subject. The study comprises videos produced by sports content creators and all educational TikTok videos addressing sports nutrition. A random sample of 100 videos was selected using relevant hashtags via TikTok’s search engine. The evaluation of these videos was performed using several quality assessment tools, including the DISCERN instrument, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS software. The findings indicate that the content of TikTok videos related to sports nutrition is generally of low quality, suboptimal, and insufficiently educational. The results underscore the need for greater involvement of qualified professionals in the creation of educational content and the implementation of stricter guidelines by social media platforms to ensure the dissemination of accurate and reliable health information. -
Enhancing breaststroke performance: a focus on arm movement analysis
Jari MAHDI; Luciela Maria VASILE; Mihaela APOSTU; Rareș STĂNESCU; Valeria BĂLAN8 March 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.1.1Sport performanceAlthough constrained by World Aquatics regulations, advancements in analytical techniques are enhancing the execution of breaststroke swimming by evaluating the effectiveness of the swimmer's movements. This study proposes a new method to evaluate arms coordination and the improvement of strength in the breaststroke. Five national level swimmers were tested and recorded. They tested a new technology that measures forces of pressure on the water, applied by both hands on both palm surfaces. We observed that in the second test the average values are not statistically significant, but swimmers improved their results from initial to final testing, claim based on arithmetic average (Left impulse, Right impulse, Initial pressure on water, Final stroke - water pressure, when accelerating backwards, Water pressure traction, Right power), then the values obtained in the initial test. This analysis provides insights into refining swimming techniques so that specialists can enhance current speed capabilities. Additionally, the results offer guidance on the future development of swimmers within the studied group. Evaluating individual swimmers in this way establishes an important basis for designing interventions focused on strength and technique to enhance alignment and performance. Therefore, it represents a practical tool to be used by coaches and researchers to qualitatively evaluate the swimming technique and the way they apply forces on the water. -
Evaluation of dietary and anthropometric profiles of female soccer athletes in South Africa
Nkosinathi NDIMANDE; Clerance MADUTUNG; Jennifer SEGWAPA; Glenrose MANALE; Sylven MASOGA30 July 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.2.5NutritionFemale soccer sport is gaining popularity in some parts of South Africa. However, the dietary and anthropometric profiles of these athletes remain unknown. A correlational study design was conducted to evaluate the dietary and anthropometric profiles of 45 female soccer athletes in the Mankweng township. Ethical approval was obtained from the Turfloop Research Ethics Committee while athletes gave consent in a written form before participation in the study. The multiple 24-hour-recall Questionnaires were used to collect the dietary intake of the participants. Weight and height were measured to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) using the electronic scale and stadiometer respectively, while body fat percentage (BF%) was measured using the bioelectrical impedance scale. Dietary data were loaded into SAMRC Food Finder (e-version) and the mean nutrient intake was considered. All data were then analysed descriptively through the SPSS (v-28) software. Pearson’s coefficient correlation tests were conducted and a p-value of 0.05 was a criterion on which variables were significant to each other. Results were compared to recommendations. The majority - 64% and 53% had optimal BMI (22.7±3.0kg/m2) and BF% (24.0±6.0%) respectively. All athletes consumed energy (26.5±6.0kcal/kg/day) and CHO (4.0±1.0 g/kg/day) suboptimally while half or more consumed protein (1.2±0.1g/kg/day) and fat (0.6±0.2g/kg/day) optimal. Dietary practices before training complied with sports nutrition recommendations while those during and after training deviated. BMI correlated (p0.05) with macronutrient intake. Anthropometric and dietary profiles also correlated (p0.05) with some sociodemographic characteristics. The dietary practices of female soccer athletes were imbalanced while their anthropometry was optimal. -
The prevalence of spinal postural deficiencies among middle school students
Adrian Titus SERSENIUC URZICĂ; Luciela VASILE30 June 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.2.4KinetotherapyProper posture contributes to increased self-confidence and supports the development of social relationships through a heightened awareness of one’s body. These aspects are increasingly relevant in the context of face-to-face interactions. As part of this study, we conducted anamnesis and carried out physical evaluations - including anthropometric and somatometric assessments - in collaboration with the medical staff of participating schools. For the somatoscopic analysis, we used the Global Postural System 400 (GPS) to identify two-dimensional spinal deficiencies related to static posture, body dynamics, and balance. For about a quarter of the subjects evaluated (24.8%) no spinal deficiencies were identified. For the remainder (75.2%), lordosis is the most common spinal deformity, followed by kyphosis and scoliosis. The chi-square value of 12.496 with 3 degrees of freedom (df) and a significance level of p = 0.006 indicates a statistically significant difference between the distribution of spinal deficiencies and gender. The Cramér’s V value of 0.333 suggests a moderate association between gender and the type of spinal deficiency. The distribution of body weight categories based on BMI shows that 64.6% of participants fall within the normal weight range, which is a positive outcome for the majority. These findings highlight the importance of cultivating healthy habits - such as regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, and intentional breaks during extended use of digital devices - as essential strategies for supporting the physical and mental well-being of middle school students. -
Coaches who spend more time for professional growth register higher levels of unconscious aggression
Radu PREDOIU; Mathias ALBERTON; Herli PARDILLA; Mihai Valentin CIOLACU; Răzvan Marian BUCĂTARU; Cătălin STANCIU; Germina COSMA30 June 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.2.3Sports psychologyA sports coach should value clear communication, effective motivational techniques, having the ability to enhance self-efficacy and reduce anxiety in their athletes. In sports, the manifestation of unconscious (automatic) aggression can be observed in various contexts, ranging from personal relationships to professional settings. The underlying motivations for implicit aggression are complex and multifaceted, often stemming from a combination of personal insecurities, unresolved conflicts, and social dynamics. The aim of the study was to explore the unconscious/automatic aggression of novice coaches and, also, the relation between implicit aggression and coaches’ level of involvement in their own professional growth. Also, gender-related differences were explored (in sports coaches) taking into consideration unconscious aggression. The study involved 47 novice coaches from various sports disciplines. To assess unconscious (implicit) aggression an Implicit Associations Test (IAT) was applied. Kendall Tau-B correlation was used to verify if there is a significant association between IAT scores and coaches’ level of involvement in their professional growth. It seems that a higher level of unconscious aggression (Aggression associated with Others, not with Self) is linked with more hours (per week) dedicated for professional growth. Also, the gender-related differences in terms of unconscious aggression were explored, in the case of novice coaches. Independent sample t test emphasized no gender-based differences taking into consideration coaches’ unconscious/automatic aggression. -
Comparative study on functional rehabilitation after artroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - classical versus modern
Alin PARASCHIV; Silvia TEODORESCU; Marius STOICA; Ruxandra EL-BSAT30 June 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.2.2KinetotherapyThe study assesses and compares the results obtained after applying a classical rehabilitation program and a modern rehabilitation program based on the integration of isokinetic systems to patients recovering from arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The research involved 30 participants who were divided into two groups: one group followed a traditional rehabilitation program using proprioceptive exercises to restore range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength, and the other integrated isokinetic dynamometry (Biodex System 4 PRO) for personalized knee rehabilitation. The results showed that the group benefiting from the modern rehabilitation program achieved significantly greater improvements in muscle strength, joint stability and neuromuscular coordination, especially in terms of quadriceps peak torque and flexor-extensor muscle balance. Statistical analysis confirmed that the modern rehabilitation program provided faster and more consistent progress, demonstrating higher functional scores and reduced variability compared to the classical approach. However, the traditional program proved to be more effective in restoring relative hamstring strength. These findings highlight the advantages of isokinetic-based rehabilitation for the optimization of post-ACL recovery and support the need for individualized rehabilitation protocols. The study suggests that computerized dynamometry should be integrated into ACL rehabilitation programs to improve functional outcomes and reduce the risk of re-injury. Further research should explore their long-term benefits and impact on readiness for return to sports activity. -
Relationship between physical exercise, natural product administration and physical development of middle school students
Dan Cristian STOICESCU; Anca COROIU; Virgil TUDOR; Mihaela APOSTU; Corina PREDESCU; Răzvan Liviu PETRE30 June 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.2.1KinetotherapyAdolescence, is a crucial period of physical development and growth. During this time, the body undergoes significant changes in composition, metabolism, hormones, and organ system maturation, as well as nutrient deposit establishment. These changes may impact future health. In terms of nutrition, adolescence is also a critical time for establishing a lifelong relationship with food, particularly with regards to the connection between diet, exercise, and body image. During adolescence, individuals face challenges related to time management due to school, training, work, and social commitments. Peers become increasingly influential in shaping an adolescent's behaviour, including their eating habits. Additionally, fluctuating emotions can also be a feature of this period. The aim of our paper is to scientifically demonstrate, through a research conducted over a period of one year, the influences that the use of physical education exercises, in conjunction with the administration of natural products (spirulina and safflower oil) has on the physical development of middle school students. By analyzing the obtained data, we try to determine the correlation between the independent variable and certain somatic and functional indices of physical development. In conclusion, using natural products has a visible and significant effect on the parameters of the Aeroscan measurements. -
The role of mental training in optimizing performance in shooting sports – a systematic review
Germina-Alina COSMA; Liliana CIUPITU; Amalia-Raluca STEPAN; Dumitru BARBU30 November 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.3.5Sports psychologyThe aim of our study was to conduct a literature review of studies in which mental training was used in shooting sports. To conduct this review, we used the PRISMA2020 schema, for new systematic reviews that included only database and journal searches. The exclusion criteria for the studies were as follows: mental training was studied in relation to other sports (n=121), mental training was not used for sports activities (n=93), mental training was used for other age groups (n=25), and studies that were not open access (n=17). The final articles that met all the inclusion criteria were 23 studies. The participants involved in the initial studies were performance athletes. The results of the included studies showed that the effects between the professional psychological support, performance shooting sports and effective coaching can promote higher performance in precision sports. Within the limits of the study, we note that there is not a very large number of research conducted in the direction of establishing the effects of psychological training in sports shooting. The practical implications of the study draw attention to the importance of the presence of mental training in the preparation of athletes in precision sports, which require a high level of emotional stability and self-control. -
Analysis of heart rate variability of infants in different aquatic activities
Samuel HONÓRIO João SERRANO; Daniel JACINTO; Daniel MARINHO; Jorge SANTOS; Marco BATISTA; Miguel REBELO;30 November 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.3.4.PediatricsThe focus related to Heart Rate (HR) knowledge in children in the aquatic environment already has some decades and continues to be an interest and constant research. This study intends to characterize and evaluate the level of cardiovascular responses regarding motor skills with aquatic exercises through the analysis of heart rate. The participants were 10 infants with a mean age of 17.6 months and all of them with 9 months of previous practice of water activities. Data collection was performed by a portable HR monitor with a band adjusted to the infant's chest. The highest heart rate value recorded was 194 bpm and the lowest one of 92bpm. Ventral, dorsal and vertical positions were analyzed, jumps and finally immersion. All sessions were recorded with a video camera at the same time it was made the heart rate assessments for synchronizing tasks times. For statistical analysis of the values, a comparison between infants’ activities was assessed, using the T-Test to compare means of the different aquatic skills. The higher mean recorded was in jump, with a mean value of 141.3±17.65 bpm, compared with the lowest mean the ventral position task with a mean value of 119.2±22.78 bpm. There were changes on the HR associated with the tasks performed, where each motor ability showed different cardiovascular responses. -
The impact of using Artificial Intelligence in university marketing: a case study on digital communication
Andreea TRUȘCĂ; Mihaela CONSTANTINESCU; Rocsana BUCEA-MANEA-ȚONIȘ; Alina MOANȚĂ; Monica STĂNESCU30 September 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.3.3CommunicationIn recent years, social media platforms have significantly influenced university marketing strategies, with the aim of promoting educational offerings, increasing student retention, and strengthening the institutional brand. At the same time, the accelerated development of artificial intelligence has generated new opportunities for optimizing communication and administrative processes. Although the education sector is often perceived as conservative in adopting emerging technologies, integrating AI into university marketing strategies demonstrates high potential for improving workflows, personalizing messages, and attracting a larger number of students. The purpose of this research is to analyse the impact of using artificial intelligence in the creation and dissemination of digital content on the engagement indicators, by comparing the impact of different promotion materials published on the university’s social platforms (Facebook and Instagram). The research results highlight the significant contribution of AI in strengthening the visibility and attractiveness of educational offer, by developing a more efficient and dynamic relationship with the target audiences. At the same time, there were significant differences between the social network platforms, in terms of impact of dissemination materials (Facebook) and attracting new public (Instagram). For future research, the degree of international user satisfaction regarding the technological tool based on AI will be very important in relation to the educational offer, especially since the presence of international users underlines the need to adapt the content and communication to a multicultural audience. -
Development of balance and inhibition of return in football: theoretical and practical insights
Virgil TUDOR; Anton Mihai GALAMAN; Alexandra PREDOIU; Dan Cristian MĂNESCU; Cristina VĂRZARU; Ana-Maria MUJEA30 September 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.3.2Sport performance FootballThe present study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention program that includes specific means of the BrainKinetik methods, in the case future football players. The study was conducted between March and December 2024 and involved 20 athletes in the U8-U10 age group, from the German Football Academy. They were divided into two groups (experimental and control), each consisting of 10 athletes. Both groups performed their training sessions on the same days and at the same hour, with each session lasting the same amount of time (120 minutes). During the first 30-40 minutes of training, the groups completed different exercises: the control group did traditional athletic warm-up exercises, and the experimental group engaged in activities from the intervention program. For dynamic balance assessment, the Bass test was used, while cognitive flexibility was assessed with the Inhibition of Return Test (IOR), using the CogniFit platform. To compare the results of the experimental group and the control group in terms of dynamic balance and IOR scores, the U test was performed. Also, to examine whether there are significant differences between the initial and final results of each group the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used. Considering dynamic balance, athletes from both groups recorded significantly better values (p = 0.005) at the end of the study period. The athletes’ cognitive flexibility indicated, through measures of central tendency, that the experimental group showed improvements in both response time and accuracy, while the control group showed no improvement in speed, as reflected by their response time results. -
Rehabilitation approach in patients with multiple hand injuries
Adriana ȘERBAN; Carmen Liliana GHERGHEL; Corina Michaela PREDESCU; Adina DREVE30 September 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.3.1KinetotherapyHand trauma presents a demanding therapeutic challenge due to the complexity of the cases and the importance of the goal pursued: the recovery of hand functionality and the psychosocial reintegration of the patient. A carefully designed, individualized and efficient functional hand recovery protocol can significantly improve the healing process and lead to the restoration of the affected hand's functions. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a structured hand rehabilitation program on improving grip strength, range of motion and quality of life in patients after hand trauma. The study included 26 patients who had experienced complex hand injuries and subsequently underwent surgical interventions. Participants underwent a standardized rehabilitation program consisting of targeted exercises and therapies three times per week for 3 months. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 4 weeks and 3 months using the dynamometer Jamar for grip strength, a goniometer for range of motion, and for quality of life we used the arithmetic mean of the percentages for the VAS score, the GAD-7 score and the Quick Dash score. The data analysis highlights improvements in all measured outcomes. Grip strength and range of motion showed significant increases at 1 and 3 months compared to baseline. Quality of life assessments also demonstrated notable enhancements, correlating with physical improvements. In conclusion, the findings suggest that structured hand rehabilitation significantly improves functional outcomes in patients’ post-hand trauma. These results underscore the importance of implementing comprehensive rehabilitation protocols to restore function and enhance quality of life. -
Recreational sports as a strategy for anxiety reduction in adolescent students
Valeria BĂLAN; Cornelia MIHALCEA; Georgeta MITRACHE; Ana Maria MUJEA; Dimitra KOUTSOUKI; Katerina ASONITOU; Sophia CHARITOU; Camelia BRANEȚ30 December 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.4.4Sports psychologyAnxiety is the most common and universal human emotion. It is a reaction of tension without an apparent cause, but more diffuse and less focused than fear. Anxiety, as a normal emotional sensation or state in certain circumstances, is a typical response to various stressful everyday situations. The problem arises when anxiety occurs continuously over time in situations that are not really threatening or when it is very intense. The present research aims to identify the role of recreational sports activities in combating anxiety among eighth graders. The study focuses on this category of students for two reasons: on the one hand, the demands placed on them throughout the school year because of the evaluation exam, which is particularly important for their school and even professional careers, and on the other hand, because most studies highlight the benefits of sports participation for adolescents in general, while our approach is aimed at 14-15 year olds who are preparing for an essential stage in their lives. The research involved a group of eighth graders from a mainstream school in Bucharest. The main tool used was the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale. It was completed by adolescent before and after application of the intervention programme lessons. The initial anxiety score (62.75 points) suggested a risk for anxiety disorder. After completion of the sports activity programme, the overall level of anxiety was within normal limits. This study has demonstrated that recreational sports activities have beneficial effects on anxiety disorders. -
Modeling the predictive power of emotion recognition (via CNN) on sports social media engagement
Rocsana BUCEA-MANEA-ȚONIȘ; Monica STĂNESCU; Carmen GRIGOROIU; Andreea VOINEA30 December 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.4.3Sports Social MediaSports Social Media (SM) has become an essential platform for clubs, leagues, and sponsors aiming to promote sustainable practices and engage fans in an emotionally meaningful way. This study explores the predictive power of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in boosting SM communication by recognizing and interpreting emotional cues in images and video streams captured in sports contexts – live broadcasts, fan‑cams, and supporter‑generated content. CNNs contribute to tasks such as crowd sentiment analysis, content moderation, deepfake detection, and real‑time emotional feedback – all critical for ethical, emotionally intelligent sports marketing. This research presents a neural network model designed to quantify the impact of CNN-based emotion recognition on four key aspects of social media engagement: audience understanding, emotional content triggers, storytelling effectiveness, and responsiveness to social trends. Using a multilayer perceptron architecture trained on facial and webcam data, the model evaluates the relationship between CNN features and sustainability-focused communication outcomes. Findings indicate that CNN training iterations, facial image variability, and real-time webcam data are the most influential predictors of effective sports social media (SM), while emotional labeling and training data diversity play moderate roles. The model demonstrates practical utility for neuromarketingdriven campaign personalization and provides a foundation for ethical, data-informed sustainability messaging. Despite challenges related to privacy and bias, CNN-based AI systems hold significant potential to transform digital marketing strategies into adaptive, responsive, and emotionally intelligent frameworks. -
Exploratory structural examination of the Satisfaction Scale for Athletes in international football
Simone FORNARI; Cătălina-Felicia MANCAȘ; Ligia RUSU30 December 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.4.2Sport performance FootballThis study aims to provide a preliminary examination of the reliability and factorial structure of the Satisfaction Scale for Athletes (SSA) in international football contexts. The SSA, originally validated within the Turkish football league, measures athletes’ satisfaction with key dimensions of the sporting environment, including satisfaction with the coach, team performance, and teammates. The present research focuses on two main objectives: (1) evaluating the internal consistency of the SSA subscales, and (2) exploring its structural organization using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as an exploratory procedure. The sample consisted of 63 professional and semi-professional male athletes from various international football leagues. Sampling adequacy was supported by a satisfactory Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index and a significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity. Results indicate satisfactory internal consistency across subscales and provide preliminary support for a three-component structure explaining a substantial proportion of total variance, broadly consistent with the original model. However, given the exploratory design, modest sample size, and absence of confirmatory factor analysis, findings should be interpreted cautiously and considered as an initial step in the international examination of the instrument rather than definitive evidence of cross-cultural equivalence. Overall, the study suggests the potential applicability of the SSA in international football contexts and highlights the need for further research employing larger, more balanced samples and confirmatory factor analysis to strengthen its structural validation and test measurement invariance across cultural groups. -
Effects of a structured physical training program on reaction time in U15 volleyball players
Gabriela IORDACHE; Doina CROITORU; Adina DREVE; George DINA30 December 202510.35189/dpeskj.2025.64.4.1Sport performance VolleyballVolleyball is a high-intensity sport characterized by repeated jumps, sudden changes of direction, and rapid transitions between offensive and defensive phases. In such a dynamic context, reaction time becomes a decisive factor of performance, directly influencing the efficiency of technical and tactical actions and the players’ ability to adapt to the unpredictability of the game. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in reaction time in U15 volleyball players following the implementation of a specific physical training program based on the principles of microperiodization. The sample consisted of 22 athletes, evaluated in two distinct stages: initial testing (February 2025) and final testing (September 2025). Between the two assessments, the participants followed a structured training program focused on developing speed ability and reaction time. Reaction time was measured using the Witty system under standardized conditions, with each athlete being evaluated individually. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the two testing sessions, confirming the effectiveness of the implemented training program. The results show that a microperiodized training program, applied in the medium term, can generate measurable motor adaptations, contributing to the optimization of reaction speed in juvenile volleyball players. These findings support the importance of integrating specific exercises aimed at developing reaction time into the training methodology and provide a basis for developing training models adapted to age and performance level. -
THE FINANCING ACTIVITY OF THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK BEFORE AND AFTER THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
Abstract. EIB financing activity is a key driver of economic and social development in Europe and beyond. By supporting infrastructure, innovation, sustainability and social cohesion projects, the EIB contributes to creating a more resilient, competitive and sustainable economy with the objectives of stimulating economic growth, reducing regional disparities, supporting SMEs and promoting the green and digital transition. This article aims to analyze the evolution of EIB financing in two distinct periods: 2015-2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020-2022 (post-pandemic), examining the allocation of resources by economic sectors and geographical regions. -
UNDERSTANDING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN A DIGITAL AGE
Abstract: Consumers are changing the ways they use digital platforms at lightning speed. To benefit, companies must take a refined look below the surface to understand who is doing what. In recent decades, the Internet, evolving technologies, and social media have led to the evolution of consumer behaviour. The changes in customer behaviour driven by digital developments provide many opportunities and challenges that businesses also need to deal with online. The better companies know about the behaviour of their customers, the easier they can engage with them using different strategies marketing. In this article, I will explore the concept of consumer behaviour, examine how it has changed in the digital era, and discuss strategies for businesses to align themselves with these shifting trends. -
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF NATURAL RESOURCE RENT, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND URBANIZATION ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: THE CASE OF TÜRKIYE AND SOUTH AFRICA
Aziza Hashi KORKMAZ; Ayhan KAPUSUZOGLU; Nildag Basak CEYLAN2023Türkiye and South Africa are the most globalized, urbanized and the most carbonintensive economy in the emerging economies. In this direction, this study examines an assessment of the impact of natural resource rent, financial development, and urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions in South Africa and Türkiye. For the period 1990-2021, we have implemented an AutoRegressive Distributed Latency (ARDL). The ARDL cointegration test result shows the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables. The granger causality test indicates that there is a bi directional relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and natural gas rents, financial development and natural gas rent and urbanization and natural gas rent. In addition to, this VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Tests shows that there is a link between carbon dioxide emissions and financial development. -
THE ACCOUNTING, AUDITING AND TAX CONSULTANCY SERVICES MARKET IN ROMANIA
Claudia BURTESCU; Marian TAICU2023The accounting, auditing and tax advisory services market in Romania has seen a continuous expansion in recent years as the domestic economy and capital market have developed. To have an image regarding the evolution of this market in Romania. We analyzed the data from the period 2008-2021. The main players are the large, internationally known firms, though the small firms take up a good part of the market. This paper includes an analysis of the factors that determine the success of the two categories of competitors in this market. -
A REVIEW ON THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ADAPTIVE MARKETS HYPOTHESIS, THE EFFICIENT MARKETS HYPOTHESIS AND BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE
Kubra SARITEPECI; Ayhan KAPUSUZOGLU; Nildag Basak CEYLAN2023The Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH), which has had a significant impact on the field of finance since its development, has triggered many subsequent researches and some of the researches have brought a critical view to the Hypothesis. Two important alternatives have been put forward to overcome the criticisms and observed deficiencies of the EMH: Behavioural Finance and Adaptive Markets Hypothesis. Although various studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between these two approaches and the EMH, not much research has been conducted to examine their relationship with each other. In this study, the relationship between the Behavioural Finance approach and the Adaptive Markets Hypothesis, their similarities and differences are examined and it is aimed to complete this perspective that is felt to be lacking in the literature. The current study aims to cross-examine the hypotheses (EMH- Behavioural Finance, EMH- AMH), which are related to each other and try to answer the deficiencies seen separately, and in this way, it reveals that theories that are alternative to each other can also complement each other at various points and thus, when evaluated together, more effective evaluations can be made in the field of finance. -
THE IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE BANKING SYSTEM
Corporate governance plays an essential role in the stability and efficiency of the banking sector, ensuring transparency, risk management and protection of stakeholders' interests. This article analyzes the importance of corporate governance in banks, with a focus on international regulations and particularities in Romania and Europe. It highlights the benefits of effective governance, such as increased financial stability and improved economic performance, but also the risks of weak governance, such as loss of trust and vulnerability of banking institutions. It also outlines mechanisms for improving governance, including transparency, internal control and ESG integration. -
TOURIST DESTINATION GOVERNANCE AND THE STATE'S ROLE IN DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT
Smaranda TOMA; Daniela MIHAI2023Tourism must be integrated into the unitary functional system of the economy. In a macroeconomic sense, organizing tourism activity implies the existence of an adequate framework, a sequence and connection of the components of this field of activity, so that they function optimally, as true engines of tourism. The government shapes the economic climate for the tourism industry, helps ensure the infrastructure and educational requirements for tourism, sets the legislation under which tourism operators operate and takes an active role in promotion and marketing. Every government must have a tourism policy at both national and local levels. Therefore, the state plays an essential role in tourism, providing the general legislative framework within the tourism industry operates, directly intervening in many aspects of the tourism system.
ISSN (online) 2286 – 3702
ISSN–L 1454 – 3907
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Evaluation of the social impact of small-scale dance festivals: the case of Samos
Proprioceptive training in women's artistic gymnastics
Reliability and educational quality of TikTok videos as information sources on sports nutrition
Enhancing breaststroke performance: a focus on arm movement analysis